he  Student's  Handbook 


UC-NRLF 


TO    THE 


*B    ETb    13D 


THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 

OF  THE 

EVANGELICAL    LUTHERAN 
CHURCH 

AT   CHICAGO,    ILLINOIS 


I  i 


Revised  to  October,  1908 


CHICAGO    LUTHERAN    SEMINARY    PRESS 

i  3  11   Sheffield  Avenue 
Chicago,  Illinois 

1909 
Pn't  -  -ntiS 


GIFT   OF 


The  Student's  Handbook 

TO    THE 

THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 

OF    THE 

EVANGELICAL    LUTHERAN 
CHURCH 

AT    CHICAGO,    ILLINOIS 


Revised  to  October,   1908 


CHICAGO     LUTHERAN    SEMINARY    PRESS 
1 3  1 1    Sheffield  Avenue 

Chicago,:  Ulinoi*    •  .'.  iy 

Price,  ten  cetits;  cloth , 'twenty-five  cents 


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V 


THE  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK 


Part    I.  —  GENERAL     INFORMATION, 


FOUNDATION. 


The  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church  was  founded  in  1891.  It  was  largely  owing  to  the  per- 
severance and  efforts  of  the  Rev.  W.  A.  Passavant,  D.  D.,  who 
had  brought  the  attention  of  the  General  Council  to  the  impera- 
tive needs  of  a  Theological  Seminary  in  the  West. 

At  the  Convention  of  the  General  Council  held  at  Chicago, 
1886,  it  was 

"Resolved,  That  the  President  and  Treasurer  of  the  Gen- 
eral Council,  with  Dr.  Passavant,  appoint  a  Board  of  Directors 
to  which  the  Chicago  Seminary  property  shall  be  duly  deeded,  to 
be  held  in  trust  for  the  General  Council. 

"Resolved,  That  the  Directors  appointed  be  authorized  to 
make  such  arrangements  working  towards  the  opening  of  the 
Seminary  as  may  be  made  without  any  pecuniary  responsibility 
on  the  part  of  the  Council." 

These  Resolutions  were  reaffirmed  at  the  Convention  of  the 
General  Council  held  at  Pittsburgh,  in  1889.  In  compliance  with 
this  action  of  the  General  Council  a  Board  of  Directors  was 
appointed,  and  the  necessary  legal  steps  were  taken  to  obtain  an 
incorporation,  and  on  the  29th  day  of  July,  1891,  the  Secretary  of 
the  State  of  Illinois  notified  the  Committee  that  the  charter  sub- 
mitted to  him  had  been  granted. 

ORGANIZATION. 

The  Board  of  Directors  was  organized  on  Wednesday,  Sep- 
tember 30,  1891,  and  Rev.  Prof.  R.  F.  Weidner,  D.D.,  LL.D., 
was  elected  as  the  Professor  of  Dogmatics  and  Exegesis,  and 
Rev.  H.  W.  Roth,  D.D.,  as  the  Professor  of  Practical  Theology 
and  Church  History. 

On  October  1,  1891,  the  Seminary  was  formally  opened. 

RELATION  OF  THE  SEMINARY  TO  THE  GENERAL 
COUNCIL. 

The  exact  relation  of  the  Seminary  to  the  General  Council 
was  not  finally  decided  until  at  the  meeting  of  the  General  Coun- 
cil held  at  Ft.  Wayne,  Ind.,  in  October,  1893.  Then  the  Com- 
mittee appointed  by  the  General  Council  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  in 
1891,  to  which  the  whole  subject  had  been  referred,  made  an 
elaborate  report,  covering  the  whole  history  of  the  Chicago  Semi- 
nary, from  its  first  mention  in  the  Minutes  of  the  General  Coun- 
cil of  1869,  to  date.     This  comprehensive  report  closes  as  follows; 


4109 


4  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

"The  history  which  we  have  given  establishes  the  following: 

i.  "That  the  General  Council  is  responsible  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  Theological  Seminary  at  Chicago,  and  has  done 
everything  except  in  the  way  of  pecuniary  support,  to  entitle  that 
institution  to  be  called  the  General  Council  Theological  Seminary, 
in  a  sense  in  which  that  title  cannot  be  claimed  by  any  other 
Institution." 

3.  "That  it  was  clearly  the  intention  of  the  General  Council 
to  keep  itself  free  from  all  pecuniary  responsibility,  and  that  the 
Seminary  should  look  to  certain  of  the  Synods  of  the  General 
Council,  who  might  unite  in  sustaining  it,  for  its  support." 

After  a  full  discussion  of  the  whole  subject  in  all  its  bearings, 
th«  General  Council  adopted  the  following  resolutions: 

1.  "That  the  General  Council  herewith  expresses  its  appre- 
ciation of  the  importance  and  desirableness  of  the  Theological 
Seminary  at  Chicago,  as  well  as  its  confidence  in  the  Board  of 
Directors  appointed  by  this  Council,  and  that  it  cordially  com- 
mends this  young  Institution  to  our  pastors  and  people." 

2.  "That  the  General  Council  in  view  of  the  past,  and  in 
consideration  of  its  relations  to  the  Synods  of  which  it  is  com- 
posed, is  persuaded  that  it  is  not  in  a  condition  to  own  and  to 
manage  a  Theological  Seminary,  and  that  it  will  be  best  for  all 
concerned  if  its  sustains  precisely  the  same  relations  to  all  the 
Theological  Seminaries  within  its  bounds.  For  this  reason,  the 
General  Council  declines  to  act  upon  the  confirmation  of  the 
Professors,  and  the  examination  and  approval  of  the  Constitution 
for  its  government,  believing  that  all  this  can  best  be  done,  in 
this  case,  as  in  others,  by  the  brethren  who  have  taken  the  matter 
in  hand,  and  by  the  Synods  that  may  unite  in  sustaining  it.  In 
taking  this  action  the  General  Council  places  all  the  Theological 
Seminaries  within  its  bounds  upon  an  equal  footing." 

3.  "The  General  Council  requests  that  the  changes  ren- 
dered necessary  by  this  action  in  the  Charter  of  the  Chicago 
Seminary,  be  made  to  conform  to  the  above  action,  and  that  these 
changes  be  made  in  such  a  way  as  not  to  imperil  the  historical 
connection  and  thorough  doctrinal  unity  of  said  Institution  with 
this  body." 

THE  AMENDED  CHARTER. 

In  accordance  with  the  request  of  the  General  Council  the 
original  Charter  granted  on  the  29th  day  of  July,  1891,  was  amended 
May  10,  1894,  so  as  to  conform  to  the  action  taken  by  the  General 
Council,  and  by  its  By-Laws  the  Board  of  Directors  became  a 
self-perpetuating  body,  always  representing  those  Synods  of  the 
General  Council  which  unite  in  sustaining  and  supporting  the 
Seminary. 

THE  CONSTITUTION  OF  THE  SEMINARY. 

The  Fundamental  Principles  of  Faith  and  Church  Polity, 
as  declared  by  the  General  Council  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church  in  North  America  at  its  meeting  in   Ft.  Wayne,  Ind.,  in 


GENERAL    INFORMATION. 


1867,  referred  to  in  the  Charter,  may  rightly  be  regarded  as  the 
Constitution  of  '  'The  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church  at  Chicago,  111." 


THE  BY-LAWS  OF   THE  SEMINARY. 

The  By-Lazus  of  the  Institution  have  had  a  natural  growth 
and  were  developed  as  the  needs  of  the  Institution  required,  and 
though  in  practical  use  for  many  years  were  not  finally  adopted 
until  the  year  1900,  and  have  been  carefully  revised  in  1908,  and 
are  fully  given  in  this  Handbook. 

CHRONICLE. 
1891. 
July  sqth. — Charter  granted  by  the  Secretary  of  the  State  of 
Illinois. 

September  30th. — Organization  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
appointed  by  the  General  Council.  Appointment  of  the  first 
Professors,  Dr.  Weidner  as  Professor  of  Dogmatics  and  Exe- 
gesis, and  Dr.  Roth  as  Professor  of  Practical  Theology  and 
Church  History. 

October  1st. — Formal  Opening  of  the  Seminary. 

1892, 
Spring. — President's  house  erected. 
August  31st. — First  By-Lazvs  adopted. 

1893. 

February  10th. — The  corner  stone  of  Eliza  Hall  was  laid. 

July. — Eliza  Hall  was  finished  at  an  expense  of  about 
$25,000.00. 

1894. 

June  3rd. — Dr.  W.  A.  Passavant,  the  President  of  the  Board 
of  Directors,  died. 

October  4th. — Dr.  Samuel  Wagenhals,  of  Ft.  Wayne,  Ind., 
was  elected  President  of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

Dr.  Weidner  was  elected  President  of  the  Seminary. 

Dr.  G.  H.  Gerberding,  who  in  the  Spring  had  been  elected 
Professor  of  Historical  Theology,  entered  upon  his  connection 
with  the  Seminary. 

1895. 

October  3rd. — Professor  Arthur  E.  Phillips,  Lit.  D.,  was 
elected  as  Instructor  in  Oratory  and  the  Art  of  Expression. 

1897. 
April. — Dr.  Roth  on   account   ill    health,  resigned   his  Pro- 
fessorship. 

Dr.  Gerberding  was  transferred  to  the  chair  of  Practical 
Theology. 

1899. 
Spring. — Four  houses  for  the  Professors  were  erected  at  a 
cost  of  $12, 000. 


STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 


1900. 


May  1st. — Rev.  Elmer  F.  Krauss,  D.  D.,  entered  upon  his 
connection  with  the  Seminary,  having  been  elected  Professor  of 
N.  T.  Exegesis. 

1904. 
October   $th. — Rev.  Alfred    Ramsey  was    installed  as   Pro- 
fessor of  Historical  Theology, 

1905. 
January. — A  debt  of  $50,000.00  resting  on  the  Institution* 
through  the  generosity  of  friends,  was  paid. 

FOUNDERS  AND  BENEFACTORS.* 


Rev.  W.  A.  Passavant,  D.  D. 

Prof.  R.  F.Weidner,D.D.,LL.D. 

Rev.  Henry  W.  Roth,  D.  D. 

Rev.  Samuel  Wagenhals,  D.  D. 

Rev.  Wm.  K.  Frick,  D.  D. 

Prof.  G.  A.  Gerberding,  D.  D. 

Rev,  W.  A.  Sadtler,  Ph.  D. 

Mr.  Julius  A.  Bonn. 

Mr.  M.  L.  Deck. 

Mr.  C.  A.  Smith. 

Mr.  Wm.  B.  Wolfe. 

Mr.  A.  P.  Johnson. 

Mr.  Harry  McCreary. 

Mr.  Leonard  Leas. 

Mr.  Henry  Jarecki. 

Mr.  B.  Frank  Weyman. 

Mr.  Henry  Balken. 

Mr.  Wm.  H.  Black. 

Mr.  Lewis  Trauger. 

Mr.  Frederick  Stahlmann. 

Mr.  John  B.  Kaercher. 

Mr.  John  S.  Scully. 

Mr.  Alfred  Ridenour. 

Mr.  J.  S.  Seaman. 

Mr.  Fred.  Weyerhaeuser. 

Mr.  Victor  S.  Lawson. 

Mr.  E.  A.  Artman. 

Mr.  Henry  A.  Grim,  M.  D. 

Mr.  James  K.  Mosser. 

Mr.  Edward  Saeger. 

Mr.  G.  Rugan  Neff. 

Mr.  Antonius  Albrecht. 

Hon.  Chas.  A.  Schieren. 

Mr.  C.  A.  Fondersmith. 

Mr.  John  P.  Weyerhaeuser. 


Mr.  W.  W.  Wattles. 
Mr.  E.  Clarence  Miller. 
H.  M.  Freas,  M.  D. 
Mr.  William  Leas. 
Mr.  Geo.  H.  Moeller. 
Mr.  Wm.  Steinmeyer. 
Mrs.  Eliza  Passavant. 
Mrs.  Rebecca  Stettler. 
Mrs.  Margaret  E.  Slinkard. 
Mr.  Henry  Houck. 
Rev.  D.  D.  Trexler. 
Mr.  Andrew  Copp. 
Rev.  Michael  Schweigert. 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Schweigert. 
Mrs.  Harry  McCreary. 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Jarecki. 
Mrs.  G.  D.  Bernheim. 
Mrs.  Jane  R.  Passavant. 
Mrs.  Joanna  P.  Boord. 
Mrs.  C.  A.  Smith.  ' 
Mrs.  Maria  Louise  Beck. 
Mrs.  Julia  Beck  Fromlet, 
Mrs.  M.  L.  Deck. 
Miss  Martha  B.  Douglass. 
Rev.  Asa  H.  Waters. 
Mr.  John  Wolfe. 
Mrs.  John  C.  Hager. 
Mr.  William  H.  Hager. 
Rev.  Frank  H.  Uhrich. 
Mr.  John  Willing. 
Mr.  J.  B.  Franke. 
Mr.  J.  A.  Kepple. 
Mr.  A.  J.  Knestrick. 
Mrs.  Sarah  M.  Knestrick. 


•Friends  who  have  given  $500.00  and  upward. 


GENERAL    INFORMATION.  7 

THE  BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS. 
The  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  was  originallyN 
appointed  by  the  General  Council  in  1891.  By  its  By-Laws  it  is 
now  a  self-perpetuating  Corporation.  Only  such  as  are  in  har- 
mony with  the  doctrinal  basis  of  the  institution  are  eligible  to 
membership  on  its  Board  of  Directors.  There  have  been  com- 
paratively few  changes  in  the  Board  since  its  appointment  by  the 
General  Council  in  1891.  Of  the  present  members  of  the  Board, 
six  are  charter  members  who  have  been  continually  on  the  Board 
since  the  incorporation  of  the  Seminary  in  1891. 

THE  PROFESSORS. 
The  Professors  are  chosen  from  Synods  belonging  to  the 
General  Council.  Their  doctrinal  position  must  be  in  accordance 
with  the  Confession  of  Faith  as  set  forth  by  the  General  Council 
of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  North  America  at  Fort 
Wayne,  Indiana,  in  1867,  which  is  the  Constitution  of  the  Semi- 
nary. Of  the  present  Faculty  two  are  members  of  the  Chicago 
Synod,  one  of  the  Pittsburg  Synod,  and  one  of  the  District 
Synod  of  Ohio. 

STUDENTS. 
This  Theological  Seminary  is  open  to  all  students  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  and  to  all  pastors  thereof,  and  to 
any  others,  students  or  pastors,  who,  having  the  proper  gifts  and 
education,  give  evidence  of  Christian  character  and  experience. 
The  standard  of  educational  preparation  is  collegiate  graduation. 

MATRICULATION  SUBJECTS. 
Students,  not  College  Graduates,  cannot  be  received  except 
in  special  cases,  and  only  when  the  student  is  advanced  in  years, 
and  when  maturity  of  character  and  practical  experience  in 
teaching  and  Church  work  partly  compensate  for  the  lack  of 
technical  education.  All  such  special  cases  fall  under  the  Statutes 
governing  the  Matriculation  Examination.  College  Graduates, 
who  have  studied  Latin,  Greek,  German,  Psychology,  and  Logic, 
will  be  admitted  without  further  examination,  the  Diploma  being 
accepted  in  lieu  of  the  Matriculation  Examination. 

COURSE  OF  STUDY. 
In  Theology  we  have  some  thirty  distinct  and  systematic 
sciences.  All  these  sciences  are  logically  arranged  in  the  four 
departments  of  Exegetical,  Historical,  Systematic  and  Practical 
Theology,  so  as  to  be  comprised  in  twenty-one  distinct  and  in- 
dependent courses,  and  are  offered  each  year,  and  required  for 
the  degree  of  B.  D.  in  the  regular  course  of  four  years. 

ARRANGEMENT  OF  COURSES. 
The  Seminary  year  of  seven  months   (October- April)   begins 
on  the  first  Thursday  of  October,  and  is  divided  into  five   terms, 
two  before  Christmas,  and  three  after  New  Year's.     In  each  term 


8  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

there  are  five  weeks  of  solid  work,  covering  25  days,  and  25  hours' 
instruction  in  a  subject,  if  taken  daily.  At  the  close  of  each  term 
there  is  a  Preliminary  Examination  in  each  subject,  and  another 
at  the  close  of  the  fifth  term,  known  as  the  Final  Examination  in 
the  courses  studied  during  the  year.  * 

Most  of  the  subjects,  for  pedagogical  reasons,  are  offered 
daily,  and  thus  a  course  of  25  hours  will  be  covered  in  our  term 
of  five  weeks.  A  few  subjects,  for  pedagogical  reasons,  are  offered 
only  one  hour  weekly,  and  in  this  case  a  course  of  25  hours 
extends  throughout  the  whole  year  of  five  terms. 

POST-GRADUATE  COURSES  IN  RESIDENCE. 

Pastors,  and  regular  students  who  are  have  graduated  ia  six- 
teen courses,  who  are  graduates  of  a  College  and  a  Theological 
Seminary,  possessing  a  working  knowledge  of  Latin,  Greek,  He- 
brew and  German,  may  become  candidates  for  the  degree  of  B.D. 
They  must  spend  at  least  five  months  of  the  fourth  year  in  resi- 
dence and  fulfill  all  the  requirements. 

POST-GRADUATE  COURSES  BY  CORRESPONDENCE. 

Graduation  in  eight  of  the  twenty-four  courses  offered  to  Non- 
Resident  Post-Graduates  may  lead  to  the  degree  of  B.D.,  under 
the  conditions  stated  in  the  Regulations  governing  this  work. 

HIGHER  DEGREES. 

This  Seminary  does  not  deem  it  wise  to  confer  a  higher 
degree  than  B.D.,  but  if  a  pastor  is  a  graduate  of  a  College,  and 
of  a  Theological  Seminary  of  good  standing,  and  has  obtained  a 
B.D.  from  this  Institution,  and  has  graduated  in  sixteen  courses 
offered  by  this  Seminary  in  Correspondence  Work,  including 
Hebrew,  Greek  and  the  Philosophical  Courses,  and  if  the  appli- 
cant has  been  over  ten  years  in  the  ministry,  the  Faculty  of  this 
Institution  may  recommend  to  a  College  of  high  standing  that  the 
degree  of  Ph.D.  be  conferred  upon  him. 

Under  the  same  conditions,  if  the  pastor  has  graduated  in  all 
the  twenty-four  courses,  and  has  been  over  twenty  years  in  the 
ministry,  or  five  years  have  elapsed  since  the  degree  of  Ph.D. 
has  been  conferred,  a  recommendation  may  be  made  to  a  College 
that  the  degree  of  D.  D.  be  conferred. 

CLERKSHIPS. 

Clerkships  may  be  established  for  the  pecuniary  assistance  of 
students  during  their  theological  course,  and  they  are  awarded  by 
the  Executive  Committee  to  such  applicants  as  upon  thorough 
examination  by  the  Faculty  are  found  possessed  of  good  physical 
constitution,  settled  Christian  character,  proper  natural  gifts,  and 
the  necessary  preliminary  education. 

The  object  is  to  aid  deserving  students  to  support  themselves, 
so  that  they  may  maintain  their  independence  and  at  the  same 
time  aid  the  Lutheran  Mission  Work  in  Chicago  to  the  same 
extent. 


GENERAL    INFORMATION. 


THE  DEVOTIONAL  LIFE. 

Especial  attention  is  paid  to  train  men  to  lead  the  devotional 
life,  and  to  develop  their  Christian  character.  The  whole  Semi- 
nary holds  two  daily  services,  at  which  not  only  large  portions  of 
Scripture  are  read,  but  also  certain  selections  are  regularly  ex- 
pounded and  a  Psalm  and  a  Hymn  are  weekly  committed  to 
memory,  so  that  yearly  twenty-five  Hymns  and  twenty-five  Psalms 
are  memorized.  Every  three  years  at  Matins  the  New  Testament 
is  twice  read  aloud  and  the  Old  Testament  once,  and  the  Pastoral 
Epistles  and  other  select  portions  of  the  New  Testament,  such  as 
the  Sermon  on  the  Mount,  John  XIV.,  XV.,  XVI.,  XVII.;  Romans 
VI.,  VII.,  VIII.;  Col.  and  other  Pauline  Epistles  are  carefully 
expounded  according  to  the  Greek  text,  verse  by  verse,  by  the 
President,  and  practically  applied. 

In  addition  to  leading  the  daily  services  the  students  in  alpha- 
betical order  deliver  addresses  at  Vespers. 

TESTS  AND  PRACTICAL  TRAINING. 

Our  great  aim  is  to  make  our  students  plain  preachers  of  the 
pure  Gospel,  and  to  teach  men  to  preach  with  power  and  in  the 
right  spirit.  Special  stress  is  laid  upon  clear  analysis,  and  four 
outlines  of  sermons  prepared  by  the  students  are  placed  upon  the 
blackboard  every  week  during  the  scholastic  year  and  criticised 
by  the  Professor  and  the  students.  They  are  regularly  required 
to  write  sermons  for  criticism  by  the  Professor  of  Homiletics. 
Students  of  the  second,  third  and  fourth  years  must  preach  once 
during  each  year  to  their  fellow-students  and  professors.  Special 
attention  is  also  given  to  Elocution  and  Pedagogics,  both  as  to 
theory  and  practice. 


10  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


CHARTER,   CONSTITUTION    AND 
BY-LAWS. 


THE  AMENDED  CHARTER. 

In  accordance  with  the  request  of  the  General 
Council  the  Charter  was  amended  May  ioth,  1894, 
so  as  to  conform  to  the  action  of  the  General 
Council,  so  as  to  read  as  follows: 

State  of  Illinois,  [ 
Cook  County.  J  5  ' 
We,  the  undersigned,  being  citizens  of  the  United  States, 
desiring  to  form  an  Association,  not  for  pecuniary  profit,  pursuant 
to  an  act  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State  of  Illinois  entitled. 
"An  Act  Concerning  Corporations,"  approved  April  18th, 
1872,  do  hereby  certify  that  the  following  is  a  true  statement  of 
the  name  or  title  by  which  such  Association  shall  be  known  in  law, 
the  particular  object  and  business  for  which  it  is  formed;  the 
number  of  its  Directors  and  the  names  of  the  same  selected  for 
the  first  year  of  its  existence,  viz. : 

1.  The  title  of  this  Association  shall  be,  "The  Theological 
Seminary  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  at  Chicago, 
Illinois." 

2.  The  object  of  this  Association  shall  be  to  train  men  of 
pure  faith,  of  a  holy  life,  and  of  the  requisite  natural  gifts  and 
education,  in  the  faith  and  usages  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran 
Church,  as  set  forth  in  the  "Fundamental  Principles  of  Faith  and 
Church  Polity,"  as  declared  by  the  General  Council  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church  in  North  America,  at  its  Convention, 
November  20th  to  26th,  1867,  at  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  so  that  by 
all  necessary  learning  and  practical  skill,  they  may  be  fitted  for 
the  Ministry  of  the  Gospel,  especially  in  connection  with  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church. 

3.  The  Board  of  Directors  of  this  Association  shall  consist  of 
thirteen  persons,  and  for  the  calendar  year  beginning  with 
September  1st,  1891,  shall  consist  of  the  following  persons:  Rev. 
William  A.  Passavant,  Sr.  (President),  Rev.  C.  Koerner  (Secre- 
tary), Rev.  H.  W.  Roth  (Treasurer),  Julias  A.  Bohn,  Rev.  W.  K. 
Frick,  Rev.  G.  H.  Gerberding,  M.  L.  Deck,  Rev.  S.  Wagenhals, 
August  J.  Detzer,  Rev.  W.  A.  Passavant,  Jr.,  Rev.  Henry  Merz, 
— the  same  being  the  first  year  of  its  existence. 

William  A.  Passavant,  Sr., 
Charles  Koerner, 
Henry  Warren  Roth. 


CONSTITUTION    OF    SEMINARY.  11 


State  of  Illinois,  ) 
County  of  Cook.    )  ss' 

I,  Arthur  B.  Wells,  a  Notary  Public  in  and  for  said  County, 
in  the  State  aforesaid,  do  hereby  certify  that  Rev.  William  A. 
Passavant,  Sr.,  Rev.  Charles  Koerner,  and  Rev.  Henry  Warren 
Roth,  personally  known  to  me  to  be  the  same  persons  whose 
names  are  subscribed  to  the  foregoing  certificate,  appeared  before 
me  this  day  in  person  and  acknowledged  that  they  signed  said 
certificate  in  writing  for  the  uses   and  purposes  therein  set  forth. 

Given  under  my  hand  and  Notarial  Seal,  this  27th  day  of 
July,  A.  D.  1891. 

j  )  Arthur  B.  Wells, 

\  SEAL  i"  Notary  Public. 

Filed  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  on  the  29th  day 
of  July,  A.  D.  1891,  and  legally  organized  a  corporation  of  the 
State  of  Illinois.     Amended  as  above,  May  10th,  A.  D.  1894. 


THE   CONSTITUTION    OF   THE   SEMINARY. 

The  Fundamental  Principles  of  Faith  and  Church 
Polity,  as  declared  by  the  General  Council  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  North  America  at 
its  meeting  in  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana,  in  1867,  referred 
to  in  the  Charter,  may  rightly  be  regarded  as  the 
Constitution  of  "The  Theological  Seminary  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  at  Chicago,  111.,"  and 
we  therefore  herewith  reprint  these  Fundamental 
Principles  for  the  sake  of  reference. 

Principles  of  Faith  and  Church  Polity. 
I.     Of  Faith. 

I.  There  must  be  and  abide  through  all  time,  one  holy  Chris- 
tian Church,  which  is  the  assembly  of  all  believers,  among  whom 
the  Gospel  is  purely  preached,  and  the  Holy  Sacraments  are 
administered,  as  the  Gospel  demands. 

To  the  true  Unity  of  the  Church,  it  is  sufficient  that  there  be 
agreement  touching  the  doctrine  of  the  Gospel,  that  it  be  preached 
in  one  accord,  in  its  pure  sense,  and  that  the  Sacraments  be 
administered  conformably  to  God's  word. 

II.  The  true  Unity  of  a  particular  Church,  in  virtue  of 
which  men  are  truly  members  of  one  and  the  same  Church,  and 
by  which  any  Church  abides  in  real  identity,  and  is  entitled  to  a 
continuation  of  her  name,  is  unity  in  doctrine  and  faith  and  in  the 
Sacraments,  to  wit:  That  she  continues  to  teach  and  to  set  forth, 
and  that  her  true  members  embrace  from  the  heart,  and  use,  the 
articles  of  faith  and  the  Sacraments  as  they  were  held  and  adminis- 
tered when  the  Church  came  into  distinctive  being  and  received  a 
distinctive  name. 

HI.    The  Unity  of  the  Church  is  witnessed  to,  and  made 


12  student's  handbook. 

manifest  in,  the  solemn,  public  and  official  Confessions  which  are 
set  forth,  to  wit:  The  generic  Unity  of  the  Christian  Church  in 
the  general  Creeds,  and  the  specific  Unity  of  pure  parts  of  the 
Christian  Church  in  their  specific  Creeds;  one  chief  object  of  both 
classes  of  which  Creeds  is,  that  Christians  who  are  in  the  Unity  of 
faith,  may  know  each  other  as  such,  and  may  have  a  visible  bond 
of  fellowship. 

IV.  That  Confessions  may  be  such  a  testimony  of  Unity  and 
bond  of  Union,  they  must  be  accepted  in  every  statement  of  doc- 
trine, in  their  own  true  native,  original  and  only  sense.  Those 
who  set  them  forth  and  subscribe  them,  must  not  only  agree  to  use 
the  same  words,  but  must  use  and  understand  those  words  in  one 
and  the  same  sense. 

V.  The  Unity  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  as  a 
portion  of  the  holy  Christian  Church,  depends  upon  her  abiding  in 
one  and  the  same  faith,  in  confessing  which  she  obtained  her  dis- 
tinctive being  and  name,  her  political  recognition,  and  her  history. 

VI.  The  Unaltered  Augsburg  Confession  is  by  pre-eminence 
the  Confession  of  that  faith.  The  acceptance  of  its  doctrines  and 
the  avowal  of  them  without  equivocation  or  mental  reservation, 
make,  mark  and  identify  that  Church,  which  alone  in  the  true, 
original,  historical  and  honest  sense  of  the  term  is  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church. 

VII.  The  only  Churches,  therefore,  of  any  land,  which  are 
properly  in  the  Unity  of  that  Communion,  and  by  consequence 
entitled  to  its  name,  Evangelical  Lutheran,  are  those  which 
sincerely  hold  and  truthfully  confess  the  doctrines  of  the  Unaltered 
Augsburg  Confession. 

VIII.  We  accept  and  acknowledge  the  doctrines  of  the 
Unaltered  Augsburg  Confession  in  its  original  sense  as  throughout 
in  conformity  with  the  pure  truth  of  which  God's  Word  is  the 
only  rule.  We  accept  its  statements  of  truth  as  in  perfect  accord- 
ance with  the  Canonical  Scriptures:  We  reject  the  errors  it 
condemns,  and  believe  that  all  which  it  commits  to  the  liberty  of 
the  Church,  of  right  belongs  to  that  liberty. 

IX.  In  thus  formally  accepting  and  acknowledging  the 
Unaltered  Augsburg  Confession,  we  declare  our  conviction,  that 
the  other  Confessions  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church, 
inasmuch  as  they  set  forth  none  other  than  its  system  of  doctrine, 
and  articles  of  faith,  are  of  necessity  pure  and  scriptural.  Pre- 
eminent among  such  accordant,  pure  and  scriptural  statements  of 
doctrine,  by  their  intrinsic  excellence,  by  the  great  and  necessary 
ends  for  which  they  were  prepared,  by  their  historical  position, 
and  by  the  general  judgment  of  the  Church,  are  these:  the 
Apology  of  the  Augsburg  Confession,  the  Smalcald  Articles,  the 
Catechisms  of  Luther,  and  the  Formula  of  Concord,  all  of  which 
are,  with  the  Unaltered  Augsburg  Confession,  in  the  perfect 
harmony  of  one  and  the  same  scriptural  faith. 

II.     Of  Ecclesiastical  Pozuer  and  Church  Government. 

I.  All  power  in  the  Church  belongs  primarily,  properly  and 
exclusively  to  our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  '  'true  God,  begotten  of  the 
Father  from  eternity,  and  true  man,  born  of  the  Virgin  Mary," 


CONSTITUTION    OF    SEMINARY.  13 

Mediator  between  God  and  men,  and  Supreme  Head  of  the 
Church.  This  supreme  and  direct  power  is  not  delegated  to  any 
man  or  body  of  men  upon  earth. 

II.  All  just  power  exercised  by  the  Church  has  been  com- 
mitted to  her  for  the  furtherance  of  the  Gospel,  through  the 
Word  and  Sacraments,  is  conditioned  by  this  end,  and  is  deriva- 
tive and  pertains  to  her  as  the  servant  of  Jesus  Christ. 

The  Church,  therefore,  has  no  power  to  bind  the  conscience, 
except  as  she  truly  teaches  what  her  Lord  teaches,  and  faithfully 
commands  what  He  has  charged  her  to  command. 

III.  The  absolute  directory  of  the  Will  of  Christ  is  the  Word 
of  God,  the  Canonical  Scriptures,  interpreted  in  accordance  with 
the  "mind  of  the  Spirit,"  by  which  Scriptures  the  Church  is  to  be 
guided  in  every  decision.  She  may  set  forth  no  article  of  faith 
which  is  not  taught  by  the  very  letter  of  God's  Word,  or  derived 
by  just  and  necessary  inference  from  it,  and  her  liberty  concerns 
those  things  only  which  are  left  free  by  the  letter  and  spirit  of 
God's  Word. 

IV.  The  primary  bodies  through  which  the  power  is  normally 
exercised,  which  Christ  commits  derivatively  and  ministerially  to 
his  Church  on  earth,  are  the  Congregations.  The  Congregation, 
in  the  normal  state,  is  neither  the  Pastor  without  the  People,  nor 
the  People  without  the  Pastor. 

V.  In  Congregations  exists  the  right  of  representation.  In 
addition  to  the  Pastor,  who  by  their  voluntary  election  is  already 
ex-officio  their  representative,  the  people  have  the  right  to  choose 
representatives  from  their  own  number  to  act  for  them,  under 
such  constitutional  limitations  as  the  Congregation  approves. 

VI.  The  representatives  of  Congregations  thus  convened  in 
Synod,  and  acting  in  accordance  with  those  conditions  of  mutual 
congregational  compact,  which  are  called  a  Constitution,  are  for 
the  ends,  and  with  the  limitations  defined  in  it,  representatively, 
the  Congregations  themselves. 

A  fiee.  Scriptural  General  Council  or  Synod,  chosen  by  the 
Church,  is,  within  the  metes  and  bounds  fixed  by  the  Church 
which  chooses  it,  representatively  that  Church  itself;  and  in  this 
case  is  applicable  the  language  of  the  Appendix  to  the  Smalcald 
Art/cles,  "The  judgments  of  Synods  are  the  judgments  of  the 
Church." 

VII.  The  Congregations  representatively  constituting  the 
various  district  Synods,  may  elect  delegates  through  those  Synods, 
to  represent  themselves  in  a  more  general  body,  all  decisions  of 
which,  when  made  in  conformity  with  the  solemn  compact  of  the 
Constitution,  bind,  so  far  as  the  terms  of  mutual  agreement  make 
them  binding,  those  Congregations  which  \  consent,  and  continue 
to  consent,  to  be  represented  in  that  General  Body. 

VIII.  If  the  final  decision  of  any  General  Body  thus  consti- 
tuted shall  seem  to  any  Synod  within  it,  in  conflict  with  the  faith, 
involving  violation  of  the  rights  of  conscience,  it  is  the  duty  of  that 
Synod  to  take  such  steps  as  shall  be  needed  to  prevent  a  comprom- 
ise on  its  part  with  error.  To  this  end,  it  may  withdraw  itself 
from  relations  which  make  it  responsible  for  departure  from   the 


14  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

faith  of  the  Gospel,  or  for  an  equivocal  attitude  towards  it.  Such 
steps  should  not  be  taken  on  any  but  well  defined  grounds  of 
Conscience,  not  on  mere  suspicion,  nor  until  prayerful,  earnest 
and  repeated  efforts  to  correct  the  wrong  have  proved  useless,  and 
no  remedy  remains  but  withdrawal. 

IX.  The  obligation,  under  which  Congregations  consent  to 
place  themselves,  to  conform  to  the  decisions  of  Synods,  does  not 
rest  on  any  assumption  that  Synods  are  infallible,  but  on  the  sup- 
position that  the  decisions  have  been  so  guarded  by  wise  constitu- 
tional provisions  as  to  create  a  higher  moral  probability  of  their 
being  true  and  rightful  than  the  decisions  in  conflict  with  them, 
which  may  be  made  by  single  Congregations  or  individuals.  All 
final  decisions  should  be  guarded  with  the  utmost  care,  so  that 
they  shall  in  no  case  claim  without  just  grounds  to  be  the  judg- 
ment of  those  Congregations  in  whose  name  and  by  whose  author- 
ity they  are  made — in  the  absence  of  which  just  grounds  they  are 
null  and  void. 

X.  In  the  formation  of  a  General  Body,  the  Synods  may 
know  and  deal  with  each  other  only  as  Synods.  In  such  case,  the 
official  record  is  to  be  accepted  as  evidence  of  the  doctrinal  posi- 
tion of  each  Synod,  and  of  the  principles  for  which  alone  the 
other  Synods  become  responsible  by  connection  with  it. 

XI.  The  leading  objects  for  which  Synods  should  be  organ- 
ized, are, 

i.  The  maintenance  and  diffusion  of  sound  doctrine,  as  the 
same  is  taught  in  God's  Word  and  confessed  in  the  authorized 
standards  of  the  Church. 

2.  When  controversies  arise  in  regard  to  articles  of  faith,  to 
decide  them  in  accordance  with  God's  Word  and  the  pure  confes- 
sions of  that  Word. 

3.  The  proper  regulation  of  the  human  externals  of  worship, 
that  the  same,  in  character  and  administration,  may  be  in  keep- 
ing with  the  spirit  of  the  New  Testament  and  with  the  liberty  of 
the  Church,  and  may  edify  the  Body  of  Christ. 

4.  The  maintenance  of  pure  discipline,  to  the  fostering  of 
holiness  and  fidelity  in  the  ministry  and  people. 

5.  The  devising  and  executing  of  wise  and  Scriptural 
counsels  and  plans  for  carrying  on  the  work  of  the  Church,  in 
every  department  of  beneficent  labor  for  the  souls  and  bodies  of 
men,  at  home  and  abroad. 

All  these  things  are  to  be  done,  that  the  saving  power  of  the 
Gospel  may  be  realized,  that  good  order  may  be  maintained,  and 
that  all  unsoundness  in  faith  and  life  may  be  averted,  that  God 
may  be  glorified,  and  that  Christ  our  King  may  rule  in  a  pure, 
peaceful  and  active  Church. 

The  By-Laws  of  the  Institution  have  had  a 
natural  growth  and  were  developed  as  the  needs  of 
the  Institution  required,  and  though  in  practical  use 
for  many  years  were  not  finally  adopted  until  the 
year  1900,  and   have  been  carefully  revised  in  1908. 


BY-LAWS    OF     SEMINARY.  15 


II.     By-Lazvs. 

Article  I.     Of  the  Doctrinal  Basis. 

i.  This  Seminary  shall  rest  on  the  Divine  Word  of  the  Old 
and  New  Testament  Scriptures  as  the  absolute  Rule  of  Faith,  and 
on  the  Confessions  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  set  forth 
in  the  Book  of  Concord,  as  in  conformity  with  that  Rule,  and  all 
its  teachings  shall  be  in  accord  with  said  Basis.  No  amendment 
or  change  of  the  doctrinal  basis  of  this  Seminary  as  set  forth  in  its 
Charter,  Article  2,  shall  at  any  time  be  entertained  or  made. 

Article  II.      Of  the  Board  of  Directors. 

1.  The  government  of  the  Seminary  shall  be  by  a  Board  of 
Directors. 

2.  The  number  of  Directors  shall  consist  of  thirteen  or  more 
persons.  An  amendment  or  alteration  to  Article  3  of  the  Charter 
of  this  Corporation,  increasing  the  number  of  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors, may  be  applied  for  when  agreed  upon  by  a  vote  of  two-thirds 
of  said  Board  at  a  regular  annual  meeting  of  the  Board. 

3.  The  Board  of  Directors  originally  appointed  by  the 
General  Council  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  North 
America,  shall  be  self-perpetuating,  and  shall  elect  their  successors 
from  Synods  in  strict  harmony  with  the  doctrinal  position  of  this 
Seminary,  seven  of  whom  shall  be  clergymen  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Church,  and  six  shall  be  laymen,  communicants  of  said 
Church.        _  * 

4.  The'term  of  office  of  each  Director  shall  be  three  years, 
and  one-third  of  the  number  of  Directors  shall  be  elected  each 
year.  All  vacancies  occurring  prior  to  the  expiration  of  the  term 
for  which  any  Director  may  be  elected,  shall  be  filled  by  election 
for  the  unexpired  portion  of  the  term  only,  and  all  Directors  shall 
hold  office  until  their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified. 

5.  The  Directors  shall  be  elected  by  ballot  at  the  Fall  meet- 
ing of  the  Board  of  Directors,  and  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  all 
Directors  present.  All  Directors  whose  term  of  office  shall  expire 
on  the  date  of  said  meeting  shall  be  considered  in  office  until  after 
said  election  is  made,  and  they  shall  be  entitled  to  vote  in  said 
election.  At  the  time  of  the  election  of  Directors,  nominations 
may  be  made  by  any  Director,  or  by  the  Executive  Committee. 

6.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall  be  the  members  of  this 
Corporation.  An  election  to  said  Board  shall  be  an  election  to  the 
membership  of  this  Corporation. 

7.  Annual  meetings  of  the  Board  of  Directors  and  of  the 
members  of  this  Corporation  shall  be  the  same  and  shall  be  held 
on  the  Wednesday  preceding  the  first  Thursday  of  October  in 
each  year,  at  10  o'clock  a.  m.  at  the  Seminary  Buildings,  in  the 
City  of  Chicago,  County  of  Cook,  and  State  of  Illinois,  or  at  such 
place  as  may  be  designated  by  the  President  or  Secretary  in  a 
written  notice  mailed  to  each  Director.  t 

8.  There  shall  be  a  second  stated  meeting  of  the  Board  for 
general  business,  beginning  on  the  last  Wednesday  in  April  of 


16  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


each  year  at  ioo'clock  a.  m.,  notice  of  said  meeting  to  be  sent  by  the 
Secretary  to  each  member  of  the  Board.  The  Treasurer  shall 
present  to  this  meeting  his  annual  report  of  the  financial  con- 
dition of  the  Institution,  including  an  estimate  of  income  and 
expenditures  for  the  coming  year.  The  financial  year  shall  end 
with  the  Monday  preceding  the  Spring  meeting, 

9.  A  special  meeting  of  the  Board  or  of  the  Corporation  may 
be  called  by  the  Secretary  upon  written  notice  by  the  President 
of  the  Board  of  Directors,  or  upon  the  request  of  at  least  one- 
third  of  the  Directors,  or  at  the  request  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. 

10.  A  majority  of  all  Directors  elected  iu  this  Corporation 
shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

11.  When  Directors  are  not  elected  on  the  date  mentioned 
in  these  By-Laws,  the  Corporation  shall  not  be  dissolved,  but  the 
Directors  already  in  office  shall  hold  office  until  their  successors 
are  elected  and  qualified. 

12.  Every  Director,  when  first  acting  after  his  election,  and 
when  re-elected  after  an  interval,  before  taking  his  place  as  a 
Director,  shall  in  the  presence  of  the  Board  make  this  affirmation: 
' '  I  heartily  approve  the  purpose  of  the  Theological  Seminary  of 
the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  at  Chicago,  111.  I  confess  as 
my  own  its  doctrinal  basis  and  Fundamental  Principles  of  Faith 
as  set  forth  in  its  Charter,  Article  2,  and  I  pledge  myself  to  sup- 
port these  principles,  and  faithfully  to  perform  every  duty  enjoined 
upon  me  as  a  Director  of  this  Seminary  in  accordance  with  its 
Charter  and  By-Laws." 

13.  The  officers  of  the  Board  of  Directors  shall  be  a  Presi- 
dent, a  Secretary,  a  Treasurer,  and  an  Executive  Committee,  who 
shall  hold  their  respective  offices  for  the  period  of  one  year  or 
until  their  successors  are  elected  and  qualified,  and  shall  be 
chosen  at  the  Fall  meeting  from  Members  of  the  Board  of  Direc- 
tors. The  President  of  the  Seminary  shall  be  ex-officio  a  member 
of  the  Executive  Committee. 

14.  The  duties  of  the  President  shall  be  to  preside  at  all 
meetings  of  the  Board,  to  sign  all  official  documents,  as  the  Board 
may  direct,  and  to  perform  such  other  duties  as  he  may  from  time 
to  time  be  authorized  to  discharge  by  the  Board  of  Directors.  In 
his  absence,  a  President  pro-tempore  shall  be  chosen. 

15.  The  Secretary  shall  keep  a  faithful  record  of  the  pro- 
ceedings of  the  Board,  and  perform  such  other  duties  as  from  time 
to  time  may  be  required,  and  his  records  shall  always  be  subject 
to  the  inspection  of  the  Members  of  the  Board. 

16.  The  Treasurer  shall  have  charge  of  all  funds,  moneys, 
securities,  deeds,  mortgages  and  revenues  belonging  to  the  Semi- 
nary, and  hold  them  subject  to  the  inspection  of  the  Board  of  Direct- 
ors, and  exchange  and  dispose  of  them  only  by  its  order.  He  shall 
make  deposits  and  investments  as  the  Board  may  approve,  but  no 
investments  shall  be  made  by  him  except  in  the  name  of  the  Cor- 
poration and  with  the  approval  of  the  Board.  He  shall  receive 
and  receipt  for  all  donations, legacies,  bequests, and  payments  made 


BY-LAWS    OF     SEMINARY.  17 

to  the  Seminary,  collect  all  interests,  annuities,  and  proceeds  of 
investments  due,  and  pay  all  bills,  salaries  and  other  claims  against 
the  Seminary  as  authorized  by  the  Board  of  Directors  or  the 
Executive  Committee.  He  shall  make  a  full  report  to  the  Board 
of  his  receipts,  expenditures,  and  amount  of  investments  at  the 
business  meeting  held  on  the  last  Wednesday  of  April  of  each 
year,  and  to  the  Executive  Committee  as  it  may  require.  His 
Annual  Report  at  the  Spring  meeting  of  the  Board  shall  be  duly 
audited,  and  the  securities  in  his  possession  examined  by  the 
Auditing  Committee.  He  shall  also  present  a  general  report  at 
the  Fall  meeting  for  information  only.  He  shall  give  such  security 
for  the  faithful  performance  of  the  duties  of  his  office  as  the  Board 
may  determine,  and  shall  receive  such  compensation  for  his 
services  as  the  Board  of  Directors  from  time  to  time  may  deem 
just. 

17.  An  Executive  Committee  consisting  of  at  least  five  mem- 
bers, of  which  the  President  of  the  Seminary  shall  be  ex-officio  a 
member,  shall  be  elected  at  each  Fall  meeting  of  the  Board,  and 
shall  report  at  all  stated  meetings  of  the  Board. 

18.  The  duties  of  the  Executive  Committee  shall  be  as  fol- 
lows: 

a.  It  shall  act  for  the  Board  in  the  management  of  matters 
of  business,  and  the  care  of  the  properties,  especially  during  inter- 
vals between  meetings  of  the  Board. 

b.  It  shall  arrange  for  all  subordinate  appointments  of  the 
Seminary  and  for  such  additional  teaching  force  as  may  be  found 
necessary  in  said  interim. 

c.  It  shall  decide  upon  ways  and  means  for  securing  funds 
for  current  expenses,  for  endowment,  for  additional  buildings  and 
for  the  general  improvement  of  the  grounds  of  the  Institution. 

d.  In  case  a  General  Secretary  shall  be  elected  by  the 
Board  of  Directors,  the  Executive  Committee  shall  give  him  an 
official  call,  and  shall  have  supervision  of  his  work,  and  receive 
monthly  reports  of  what  has  been  done. 

e.  It  shall  seek  to  procure  donations  of  money,  books  and 
pamphlets  for  the  Seminary  Library,  and  have  general  oversight 
of  the  same. 

/.  It  shall  have  regular  meetings,  approve  and  order  the 
payment  of  bills,  and  attend  to  repairs  and  supplies,  and  such 
other  matters  as  may  be  referred  to  it  by  the  Board,  and  shall 
keep  full  record  of  its  proceedings  to  be  regularly  reported  to  the 
Board  of  Directors. 

19.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall  determine  the  number  of 
professors  to  be  employed  in  the  Seminary,  fix  the  salaries  to  be 
paid  them  for  their  services  and  elect  and  call  all  such  professors, 
but  only  after  consultation  with  the  Faculty,  and,  if  possible,  with 
its  full  approval. 

20.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall,  upon  nomination  by  the 
Faculty  and  the  Executive  Committee,  appoint  instructors  or 
regular  lecturers  in  any  department  of  the  Seminary,  for  each 


18  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

scholastic  year,  and  shall  call   the  same  at  such  compensation  as 
it  may  decide  upon. 

21.  The  appointment  of  all  special  tutors  and  transient  lec- 
turers, so  long  as  it  does  not  involve  any  financial  obligations  on 
the  part  of  the  Board,  shall  be  left  to  the  Faculty  of  the  Institu- 
tion. 

22.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall,  at  its  Spring  meeting, 
receive  and  act  on  the  reports  of  the  Faculty,  of  the  Executive 
Committee,  and  of  the  President  of  the  Seminary,  decide  upon 
the  admission  of  students  to  graduation,  issue  certificates  of  gradu- 
ation to  those  to  whom  they  have  been  awarded,  and  on  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Faculty,  authorize  the  conferring  of  degrees. 

23.  All  contributions, donations,or  legacies  for  the  endowment 
of  the  Institution,  for  particular  buildings,  or  for  any  other  specific 
purpose  in  the  Seminary's  interest,  shall  be  sacredly  applied  and 
used  by  the  Board  according  to  the  directions  and  specifications  of 
the  donors.  All  gifts  and  donations  made  to  the  Institution  with- 
out specification  of  purpose  shall  be  applied  and  used  as  the  Board 
of  Directors  shall  determine. 

24.  The  Board  may  also  establish  fellowships,  clerkships, 
and  scholarships  for  the  pecuniary  assistance  of  students  during 
their  theological  course,  and  to  this  end,  solicit  legacies  and  dona- 
tions; but  the  benefit  of  such  fellowships,  etc.,  shall  be  awarded 
by  the  Executive  Committee,  and  only  to  such  applicants  as  upon 
thorough  examination  by  the  Faculty  are  found  possessed  of  good 
physical  constitution,  settled  Christian  character,  proper  natural 
gifts,  and  the  necessary  preliminary  education,  to  which  the  Fac- 
ulty shall  certify. 

Article  III.     Of  the  Faculty. 

1.  The  Faculty  of  the  Seminary  shall  consist  of  the  regular 
professors  permanently  elected  by  ballot  by  the  Board  of  Direct- 
ors. 

2.  The  Faculty  shall  have  charge,  under  the  Rules  and 
Regulations  of  the  Board  of  Directors,  of  the  internal  administra- 
tion of  the  Institution,  namely,  the  arrangement  of  the  Courses  of 
Studies,  the  enforcement  of  order  and  discipline,  the  care  of  the 
Library,  and  the  decision  of  all  questions  relating  to  the  instruction 
and  the  deportment  of  the  students. 

3.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall  elect  from  among  the  regu- 
lar professors  the  President  of  the  Seminary,  who  is  the  executive 
head  of  the  Seminary  in  all  its  departments,  exercising  such  super- 
vision and  direction  as  will  promote  the  efficiency  of  every  depart- 
ment. Unless  otherwise  provided  for  he  shall  also  act  as  Dean  of 
the  Seminary. 

4.  Members  of  the  Faculty  shall  not  be  eligible  to  member- 
ship in  the  Board  of  Directors. 

5.  The  Faculty  shall  elect  its  Recording  Secretary  at  the 
opening  of  the  Fall  term.  It  shall  hold  regular  meetings  and 
keep  an  accurate  record  of  all  its  proceedings,  and  adopt  such 


/ 


BY-LAWS    OF    SEMINARY. 


19 


rules  for  its  government   as   may  from    time  to  time  be  deemed 
necessary. 

6.  The  Faculty  shall  arrange  for  and  conduct  the  teaching  of 
all  the  branches  of  a  full  theological  education,  according  to  the 
following  twenty-one  courses: 

First  Year. 

i.  Theological  Encyclopedia  and  Hermeneutics      -        75  hours 

2.  New  Testament  Greek,  Junior,      -  100     " 

3.  Old  Testament  Hebrew,  Junior,         -  100     " 

4.  English  Old  Testament 75     " 

5.  English  New  Testament    - 75     " 

6.  Elocution  and  Rhetoric 75     " 

Second   Year. 

7.  Church  History 125     " 

8.  Catechetics,  Pedagogics,  and  Sunday  School  Work    75     M 

9.  Evangelistics,  Diaconics  and  Sociology     -        -      -     75     " 

10.  Greek  Exegesis      -         -         -        -         -         -         "75" 

11.  Hebrew  Exegesis 75     " 

Third  Year. 

12.  Apologetics,  Moral  Philosophy,  Christian  Ethics  -  100     " 

13.  Dogmatics  - 

14.  Symbolics,  Confessions,   History  of  Dogmas         fig®*   ^>&s 

15.  Homiletics /7§y?5*PR  \f 

16.  Pastoral  Theology,  Liturgies,  Church  Polity       i/*/75"1^7     V 

Fourth    Year.  \\*\     \%\A  /•' 

17.  Apologetics  and  Comparative  Religions  -      x5£ett^ 

18.  History  of  Philosophy  and  one  System 

19.  Hebrew  Exegesis  -            -            -                       75     " 

20.  Greek  Exegesis  -            -            -                          -     75     " 

21.  Theological  Literature    -  -            -  -          75     " 

7.  Graduation  in  the  first  sixteen  courses  with  a  grade  of  75 
out  of  a  possible  100  points  in  each  course  entitles  the  student  to 
a  diploma  with  the  degree  of  Graduate  of  the  Theological  Semi- 
nary of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  at  Chicago,  Illinois. 
Graduation  with  an  average  of  85  in  courses  13  and  17  to  21 
inclusive  entitles  the  student  to  the  degree  of  Baccalaureus  Divini- 
tatis  (B.  D.). 

8.  The  Faculty  shall  arrange  for  Post-Graduate  courses  of 
study  for  resident  and  non-resident  Pastors  and  Students,  leading 
to  the  degree  of  B.  D. 

9.  Courses  17  to  21  inclusive,  leading  to  the  degree  of  B.  D., 
are  open  to  such  students  only  as  are  in  residence,  and  as  are 
graduates  either  of  this  Seminary,  or  of  a  Seminary  of  acknowl- 
edged standing. 

10.  The  Faculty  shall  offer  twenty-four  courses  of  Post- 
Graduate  work  for  non-resident  Pastors  and  Students  as  follows: 


20  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

Post-Graduate  Courses  for  Non-Resident  Pastors  and 
Students. 

I.  Exegetical  Theology, 

i.  Theological  Encyclopaedia. 

2.  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament  Exegesis. 

3.  Greek  and  New  Testament  Exegesis. 

4.  English  Bible. 

5.  Introduction,  Higher  and  Textual  Criticism. 

II.  Historical  Theology. 

6.  Church  History  and  Christian  Archaeology. 

7.  Special  Periods  of  Church  History. 

8.  Patristics  (Greek,  Latin,  English,  or  German). 

9.  Symbolics  and  Confessions. 

10.  History  of  Dogmas. 

III.     Systematic  Theology. 

11.  Apologetics. 

12.  Moral  Philosophy  and  Christian  Ethics. 

13.  Biblical  Theology. 

14.  Dogmatics  (English). 

15.  Dogmatics  (German,  Scandinavian,  or  Latin). 

IV.     Practical  Theology. 

16.  Christian  Art  and  Architecture. 

17.  Catechetics,  Evangelistics,  and  Diaconics. 

18.  Homiletics  and  Sacred  Oratory. 

19.  Pastoral  Theology  and  Sociology. 

20.  Liturgies  and  Church  Polity. 

V.     Philosophy. 

21.  History  of  Philosophy  and  one  System. 

22.  Psychology  and  Logic. 

23.  Comparative  Religions. 
25.     Rational  Theism. 

11.  The  Faculty  shall  draw  up  the  resolutions  governing  the 
Post-Graduate  work  for  non-resident  Pastors  and  Students  and 
shall  have  supervision  of  the  same. 

12.  The  Faculty  through  its  examining  committee  shall 
examine  all  applicants  for  admission  into  the  Seminary,  and  shall 
admit  no  one  to  its  classes  who  is  found  deficient  in  natural  gifts 
and  preliminary  education,  or  who  does  not  give  evidence  that  he 
is  a  consistent  member  of  the  Christian  Church.  The  Standard 
of  educational  preparation  shall  be  that  of  a  collegiate  graduation. 
Exceptions  may  be  made  only  where  the  student  is  advanced  in 
years,  and  his  maturity  of  character,  and  practical  experience  in 
teaching  and  church  work,  in  part  compensate  for  the  lack  of 
technical  education. 

13.  The  Faculty  may,  through  Instructors  or  Fellows, 
arrange  courses  of  Instruction,  including  especially  Higher  Eng- 


BY-LAWS    OF     SEMINARY.  21 

lish,  Logic,  Psychology,  German,  Latin  and  Greek,  for  such 
under-graduate  students  as  may  not  be  able  to  pass  the  Matricu- 
lation examinations  at  the  time  of  their  admittance  to  the 
Seminary. 

14.  The  Faculty  shall  have  power  to  dismiss  from  all  con- 
nection with  the  Seminary,  any  student,  who  after  due  trial  falls 
below  the  required  standard  in  his  studies,  or  shows  manifest 
unfitness  for  the  Holy  Office,  or  persists  in  willful  neglect  of  duty. 
If  he  applies  for  a  letter  of  dismission,  the  circumstances  which 
led  to  his  dismissal  shall  be  stated  in  such  terms  as  the  Faculty 
may  deem  to  be  wise  and  just. 

15.  The  Faculty  shall  have  particular  regard  to  the  religious 
life  of  the  Seminary,  and  arrange  for  a  daily  Matin  and  Vesper 
service  and  have  supervision  of  the  meetings  of  the  students  for 
religious  conference,  prayer  and  spiritual  edification. 

16.  The  Faculty  shall  arrange  for  and  conduct  the  Matricu- 
lation, the  Preliminary,  and  the  April  and  October  Pass  examina- 
tions, as  hereafter  provided  for  in  these  By-Laws. 

17.  The  Faculty  shall  also  have  certificates  of  graduation 
prepared,  to  be  signed  by  the  Officers  of  the  Board  of  Directors 
and  the  members  of  the  Faculty,  to  be  given  to  students  who  have 
been  admitted  to  graduation. 

18.  The  Faculty,  through  its  Secretary,  shall  make  an  annual 
report  to  the  Board  of  Directors  at  its  Spring  meeting,  giving  a 
brief  resume  of  what  has  been  done  during  the  meetings  of  the 
Faculty,  including  the  names,  averages  and  general  standing  of 
the  students  recommended  for  graduation. 

Article  IV.  Of  the  Professors,  Instructors,  and  Fellows. 
i.  The  Lecturers  and  Teachers  of  the  Seminary  are  classi- 
fied as  follows:  Professors,  Instructors,  and  Fellows.  The  ten- 
ure of  office  of  Instructors  and  Fellows  is  the  scholastic  year.  At 
the  end  of  each  scholastic  year  the  connection  of  an  Instructor  or 
Fellow  with  the  Seminary  ceases,  unless  he  be  reappointed.  All 
officers  of  Instruction,  including  Professors,  are  subject  to  removal 
for  inadequate  performance  of  duty  or  for  misconduct. 

2.  The  Fellowships  of  the  Seminary  are  assigned  solely  on 
the  ground  of  proficiency  already  attained.  The  Fellow  is  ex- 
pected to  give  one-sixth  of  his  time  to  some  literary  service  in  con- 
nection with  the  Seminary.  He  is  under  the  direct  supervision 
of  the  President  of  the  Seminary. 

3.  Every  Professor  in  this  Seminary  must  be  an  ordained 
minister  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  and  must  have  an 
established  character  for  purity  of  faith  and  holiness  of  life,  and 
possess  competent  learning  and  ability  to  teach.  Except  in  an 
extraordinary  case  he  must  have  spent  at  least  five  years  in  the 
pastoral  office,  and  must  be  in  strict  agreement  with  the  doctrinal 
position  of  the  Seminary. 

4.  Every  Professor  shall,  before  entering  on  the  performance 
of  the  duties  of  his  office,  make  the  following  affirmation: 

"I   believe  that  the  Canonical   Books  of  the  Old  and  New 


22  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

Testaments  are  given  by  inspiration  of  GOD,  and  ar«  the  per- 
fect and  only  Rule  of  Faith;  and  I  believe  that  the  three  General 
Creeds,  the  Apostles,  the  Nicene  and  the  Athanasian,  exhibit  the 
faith  of  the  Church  Universal,  in  accordance  with  the  Rule  of 
Faith. 

'  'I  believe  that  the  Unaltered  Augsburg  Confession  is,  in  all 
its  parts,  in  harmony  with  the  Rule  of  Faith,  and  is  a  correct 
exhibition  of  doctrine;  and  I  believe  that  the  Apology,  the  two 
Catechisms  of  Luther,  the  Smalcald  Articles,  and  the  Formula  of 
Concord,  are  a  faithful  development  and  defense  of  the  Word  of 
GOD  and  the  Augsburg  Confession. 

"I  solemnly  promise  before  Almighty  GOD  that  all  my  teach- 
ings shall  be  in  conformity  with  His  Word,  and  with  the  afore- 
mentioned Confessions. 

'  'I  also  solemnly  promise  that  I  will  be  governed  by  the  laws 
and  regulations  of  this  Seminary,  and  fulfill  all  the  duties  therein 
laid  upon  me,  so  long  as  I  remain  one  of  its  Professors." 

5.  In  case  a  Professor  in  this  Seminary  shall  undergo  a 
change  of  views  and  convictions  inconsistent  with  the  spirit  and 
letter  of  this  affirmation  he  shall  be  in  duty  bound  to  make  known 
such  change  to  the  President  of  the  Board  and  thereupon  to  vacate 
his  Professorship. 

6.  Charges  may  be  brought  against  a  Professor  for  unsound- 
ness in  doctrine,  intellectual  incompetence,  immoral  or  highly 
injudicious  conduct,  persistent  neglect  of  duty,  or  on  manifest 
evidence  that  for  any  reason  his  connection  with  the  Seminary  is 
and  must  continue  to  be  injurious  to  it.  When  a  definite  charge 
in  any  of  these  respects  is  laid  before  the  President  of  the  Board 
of  Directors  in  writing  by  two  or  more  members  of  the  Board,  or 
by  any  two  other  reputable  persons,  the  President  shall  notify  the 
accused  Professor  of  the  charges  against  him,  and  confer  privately 
with  him  with  a  view  to  obviate  the  ground  of  complaint;  but  if 
this  should  fail,  or  the  charges  be  of  sufficient  weight  and  probabil- 
ity to  call  for  an  investigation,  the  President  shall  give  to  the 
accused  a  written  statement  of  the  charges  preferred  and  lay  the 
matter  before  the  Board  of  Directors,  which  shall  carefully 
examine  into  the  particulars,  and  give  the  accused  a  full  hearing 
in  the  case.  If  the  charge  be  sustained,  the  Board  shall  at  once 
censure,  suspend,  or  remove  from  office  the  inculpated  Professor, 
as  the  case  may  demand.  A  vote  of  two-thirds  of  the  Directors 
present  at  the  investigation  shall  be  required  to  suspend  a 
Professor,  or  to  remove  him  from  office;  and  when  sentence  of 
suspension  or  removal  is  thus  passed  upon  a  Professor,  his  salary 
and  active  connection  with  the  Seminary  shall  cease. 

7.  No  Professor  shall  resign  his  Professorship  or  cease  the 
performance  of  the  duties  pertaining  thereto,  without  giving  the 
President  of  the  Board  of  Directors  at  least  three  months'  pre- 
vious notice  of  his  intention  so  to  do.  And  in  case  of  the  unavoid- 
able absence  of  a  Professor,  he  shall  notify  the  President  of  the 
Seminary  and  the  President  of  the  Board  of  the  fact,  and  the  Pro- 
fessors and  Instructors  on  duty  shall  for  the  time  arrange  among 


BY-LAWS    OF    SEMINARY.  23 

themselves,  as  best  they  can,  to  supply  the  instruction  in  the 
department  of  the  absent  Professor.  Such  absence,  however, 
except  in  the  case  of  sickness,  cannot  be  prolonged  over  a  month's 
time,  unless  by  the  special  permission  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee. 

8.  Each  Professor  and  Instructor  shall  report  to  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Seminary  in  writing,  as  soon  as  possible  after  the 
beginning  of  each  term,  the  names  of  all  students  attending  every 
particular  course  in  which  he  gives  instruction. 

9.  Each  Professor  and  Instructor  shall  make  a  record  of  the 
attendance  and  standing  of  each  student,  as  far  as  possible,  at 
every  recitation,  lecture  or  examination.  He  shall  also  take 
account  of  each  absence  in  noting  the  average  and  standing  of  stu- 
dents. All  unexcused  absences  or  other  delinquencies  shall  be 
reported  weekly  to  the  President. 

10.  Each  Professor  and  Instructor  shall  conduct  a  monthly 
review  in  the  subjects  in  which  he  instructs. 

11.  At  least  two  weeks  before  the  close  of  each  term,  all 
Professors  and  Instructors  shall  hand  to  the  Faculty  for  the  Pre- 
liminary and  Final  Pass  Examinations  not  less  than  twenty-five 
nor  more  than  fifty  questions  covering  the  topics  in  which  they 
have  given  instruction.  Before  being  set  for  the  final  examina- 
tions the  questions  shall  be  submitted  for  suggestions  to  the 
instructors  in  the  several  departments. 

12.  Each  Professor  and  Instructor  shall  grade  the  examina- 
tion papers  in  the  subjects  in  which  he  instructs,  and  report  to  the 
Examining  Committee,  as  soon  as  possible  after  the  Preliminary 
Examinations,  and  after  the  Final  Pass  Examinations  he  must 
report  before  Monday  noon  of  Commencement  week. 

Article  V.     Of  the  President  of  the  Seminary. 

1.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall  elect  from  among  the  regular 
Professors,  the  President  of  the  Seminary,  who,  ex-officio,  shall  be 
the  President  of  the  Faculty,  a  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mittee and,  unless  otherwise  ordered,  Dean  of  the  Seminary. 

2.  As  President  he  shall  act  as  the  Executive  of  the  Semi- 
nary, see  that  the  rules  and  regulations  of  the  Institution  are 
properly  observed,  and  in  consultation  with  the  Faculty,  see  that 
proper  discipline  be  enforced. 

3.  As  President  of  the  Faculty  he  shall  have  supervision  of 
all  class  work  during  term  time,  and  as  President  of  the  Examin- 
ing Committee  he  shall  have  general  supervision  of  the  various 
oral  and  written  examinations  held,  as  provided  in  the  By-Laws. 

4.  As  President  of  the  Faculty  he  shall  have  immediate 
supervision  during  the  whole  year  of  all  Post-Graduate  work  for 
non-resident  students,  but  he  may  call  upon  any  member  of  the 
Faculty  for  assistance. 

5.  As  Dean  he  shall  have  personal  oversight  of  all  students 
and  their  whole  manner  of  life  in  the  Institution.  He  shall  be 
regarded  as  the  "father  of  the  household,"  to  whom  the  students 
may  go  for  consultation  and  advice  as  their  counselor  in  all  that 


24  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

relates  to  their  duties  in  the  Institution,  their  success  in  study, 
their  growth  in  grace,  and  their  preparation  for  the  Holy  Ministry. 
He  shall  have  the  care  and  direction  of  the  daily  services,  and  see 
that  all  students  attend  the  same,  unless  for  good  reasons  excused. 
He  shall  also  have  charge  of  the  allotment  of  rooms,  and  no  rooms 
or  beds  in  the  Seminary  shall  be  occupied  without  his  permission. 
He  shall  also  have  direct  oversight  of  the  Matron,  and  the  Janitors, 
and  have  general  oversight  over  all  that  belongs  to  the  practical 
working  of  the  Institution.  He  shall  also  keep  the  official  records 
of  all  the  students. 

6.  The  President  shall  regularly  report  to  the  Board  of  Direct- 
ors, and  to  the  Executive  Committee,  concerning  the  matters 
under  his  care. 

Article  VI.     Of  the  Students. 

i.  This  Theological  Seminary  is  open  to  all  students  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church,  and  any  others,  who,  having  the 
proper  gifts,  give  evidence  of  Christian  character  and  experience. 
The  standard  of  educational  preparation  shall  be  that  of  collegi- 
ate graduation.  Exceptions  may  be  made  only  where  the  student 
is  advanced  in  years,  and  where  maturity  of  character  and  prac- 
tical experience  in  teaching  and  church  work,  in  part  compensate 
for  the  lack  of  technical  education.  All  such  special  cases  fall 
under  the  Statutes  governing  the  Matriculation  Examination. 

a.  The  Seminary  shall  open  on  the  first  Thursday  in  Octo- 
ber. Applications  for  entrance  shall  be  sent  to  the  President  at 
least  two  weeks  previous  thereto,  and,  if  possible,  by  the  first  of 
May  in  each  year. 

3.  Every  applicant  must  furnish  satisfactory  testimonials  as 
to  his  Christian  character  and  practical  ability  from  his  pastor  or 
from  other  members  of  the  Synod  to  which  the  student  belongs. 
Applicants  from  Literary  and  Theological  Institutions  must  also 
furnish  satisfactory  certificates  as  to  character  and  scholarship. 

4.  Every  student  shall  be  on  probation  during  the  first  four 
months  after  his  admission  into  the  Seminary,  when  his  enroll- 
ment as  a  regular  student  may  take  place.  If  at  any  time  during 
his  stay  at  the  Institution  the  Faculty  shall  determine  that  it  is 
not  expedient  to  retain  him  any  longer  as  a  student,  he  shall  be 
dismissed.  If  he  apply  to  the  President  for  a  letter  of  dismission, 
the  circumstances  which  led  to  his  dismissal  shall  be  stated  in 
such  terms  as  the  Faculty  may  deem  to  be  wise  and  just. 

5.  Regular  students  shall  not  take  more  than  five  or  six 
courses  each  year,  and  in  addition,  one  hour  weekly  in  Elocution, 
in  Music,  and  in  Students'  Conference.  A  student  wishing  to  be 
absent  from  any  of  the  recitations  or  lectures  appointed  for  his 
course,  must  obtain  permission  from  the  Professor  in  charge,  and 
unavoidable  absence  must  be  reported  at  the  earliest  opportunity 
and  satisfactory  explanation  made. 

6.  As  an  exception  to  the  above  rule,  a  student,  especially  if 
he  be  an  ordained  pastor  in  residence,  may,  with  the  permission  of 
the  Faculty,  take  up  more   than  six  courses,  and  prepare  for 


BY-LAWS    OF     SEMINARY.  25 

the  Preliminary  Examinations  and  the  Pass  Examination  in 
April,  in  one  or  two  additional  courses;  provided  his  work  in  his 
regular  courses  is  satisfactory,  and  he  pass  also  an  oral  examina- 
tion in  addition  to  his  written  examinations,  in  these  extra 
subjects. 

7.  Pastors  and  Post-Graduate  students  in  residence,  not 
candidates  for  a  degree,  may  pursue  any  of  the  offered  courses 
which  they  may  elect. 

8.  Every  student  shall  engage  in  some  church  work  under 
the  direction  of  the  Faculty,  yet  so  as  not  to  interfere  with  his 
regular  duties  as  a  student.  During  the  first  year  of  his  theologi- 
cal studies  no  student  shall  be  permitted  to  preach  except  by 
special  permission  of  the  President,  and  in  no  case  on  two  con- 
secutive Sundays. 

9.  Every  student,  as  a  prospective  minister  of  the  Church  of 
Christ,  must  cultivate  and  maintain  a  sound  and  earnest  Christian 
character  and  life,  give  daily  attention  to  prayer  and  personal 
communion  with  God  and  His  Word,  avoid  frivolous  and  unchris- 
tian companionship,  keep  aloof  from  association  with  places  and 
things  which  the  common  Christian'  conscience  regards  with  dis- 
favor, and  from  everything  that  would  reflect  discredit  upon  the 
Institution.  He  must  aim  at  becoming  not  only  an  able  preacher 
of  the  Word,  but  also  a  Christian  gentleman. 

10.  Every  student  is  required  to  attend  all  the  daily  services 
of  the  Seminary,  to  be  regular  in  his  attendance  upon  public  wor- 
ship on  the  Lord's  Day,  and  to  commune  regularly. 

11.  Students  must  furnish  their  own  bed-clothing  and  towel- 
ing. As  all  the  floors  are  oiled,  students  desiring  mats  and  car- 
pets must  furnish  them  at  their  own  expense.  Sheets  and  pillow- 
cases from  each  occupied  bed,  and  all  soiled  toweling  shall  be 
washed  each  week, — the  students  to  pay  their  own  wash  bills. 
The  bedmaking  and  cleansing  of  the  rooms  shall  be  under  the 
direction  of  the  Dean.  The  rooms  must  always  be  kept  clean  and 
neat,  and  no  tobacco  in  any  form  is  to  be  used  in  the  Seminary 
buildings. 

12.  Each  student  shall  pay  a  contingent  fee  of  fifteen  dollars 
a  year  toward  the  expenses  incurred  for  heating,  lighting  and  care 
of  the  buildings. 

13.  If  articles  of  furniture  or  decorations  of  the  room,  addi- 
tional to  what  is  supplied  by  the  Institution,  are  desired,  students 
may  supply  them  at  their  own  expense,  but  must  consult  the 
President  or  Dean  as  to  their  admissibility. 

14.     Boarding  not  being  furnished  by   the  Seminary,  students 
must  arrange  for  their  board  at  places  approved  by  the  President. 

Article  VII.     Of  Examinations. 
I.     Matriculation  Examination. 
1.     All  students,  except  College  graduates  who  have  studied 
Latin,  Greek,  and  German,  will  be  required  to  pass  the  Matricu- 
lation Examination  at  the  time  of  their  admission  into  the  Semi- 
nary, or,  if  they  should  fail  in  some  subjects,  as  soon  after  their 


II. 

German. 

12. 

Latin. 

13- 

Greek. 

14- 

Geology. 

15- 

Astronomy. 

26  student's  handbook. 

entrance  as  possible.     Latin,  Greek,  and  German,  may  be  offered 
at  any  time  before  their  graduation. 

2.  College  Graduates  who  have  studied  Latin,  Greek,  and 
German,  will  be  admitted  without  further  examination,  their 
Diploma  being  accepted  in  lieu  of  the  Matriculation  Examination. 

3.  No  student  shall  be  graduated  from  this  Seminary  before 
he  has  passed  the  Matriculation  Examination  in  all  the  stated 
subjects,  including  Latin,  Greek,  and  German. 

4.  The  ordinary  Matriculation  Examination  shall  be  held 
twice  a  year,  on  the  first  Thursday  of  October,  and  on  the  third 
Thursday  of  April,  beginning  in  each  case  at  2  p.  m. 

5.  The  Examination  in  each  subject  shall  be  partly  oral  and 
partly  written.  Students  will  be  allowed  three  hours  for  each 
written  examination. 

6.  Candidates  must  offer  the  following  "stated  subjects"  for 
Matriculation  Examination: 

1.  Arithmetic        6.     General  History. 

2.  Algebra.  7.     English. 

3.  Geometry.         8.     Rhetoric. 

4.  Physics.  9.     Psychology. 

5.  Physiology.     10.     Logic. 

7.  In  Greek  and  Latin  the  Matriculation  Examination 
shall  cover  the  Grammar  and  the  History  of  the  Literature  of 
both  languages,  and  the  candidate  will  be  examined  on  about  100 
pages  of  the  author  he  offers,  both  on  the  text  and  the  general 
contents.  In  Latin  the  student  may  offer  any  of  the  works  of 
Caesar,  Cicero,  Virgil,  or  Horace;  in  Greek  any  of  the  works  of 
Homer,  iEschylus,  Sophocles,  Euripides,  Herodotus,  Thucydides, 
Xenophon,  Demosthenes,  Plato,  or  Aristotle. 

8.  In  extraordinary  cases,  a  student  of  advanced  years,  other- 
wise qualified,  may  prepare  for  his  Matriculation  Examination 
in  Higher  English,  Logic,  Psychology,  Geology,  Astronomy,  Ger- 
man, Latin  and  Greek,  in  connection  with  his  theological  studies. 
But  before  this  Examination  is  passed,  students  shall  not  be  per- 
mitted to  take  up  at  one  time  more  than  three  regular  courses  in 
the  Seminary. 

77".     The  Preliminary  and  Pass  Examinations. 

1.  No  student  shall  be  graduated  from  this  Institution  unless 
he  be  a  College  Graduate  or  have  passed  the  Matriculation 
Examination  and  been  graduated  in  each  of  the  first  sixteen  regu- 
lar courses  offered  by  this  Seminary.  Such  graduation  shall 
entitle  the  student  to  a  Diploma  with  the  degree  of  Graduate  of 
the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  at 
Chicago,  111. 

2.  There  shall  be  two  written  examinations  each  year  in 
each  course:  the  Preliminary  Examination,  which  takes  place  at 
the  end  of  the  term  in  which  the  course  is  completed,  and  the 
April  Pass  Examination  in  each  course  finished  during  the  year. 

3.  Candidates  for  graduation  shall  undergo  a  general  exami- 
nation in  all    the  subjects  pursued  in   the  theological  course, 


BY-LAWS    OF     SEMINARY.  27 


especially  in  Greek  and  Hebrew  Exegesis,  Church  History,  Cate- 
chetics,  and  Dogmatics. 

4.  The  Preliminary  Examination  in  each  course  shall  be 
held  during  the  last  two  days  of  each  term,  and  the  April  Pass 
Examination  during  the  third  week  in  April.  For  those  who 
have  failed  in  the  April  Pass  Examination  an  additional  examina- 
tion known  as  the  October  Pass  Examination  shall  be  held,  as 
needed,  during  the  month  of  October,  beginning  on  the  first 
Saturday  after  the  opening  of  the  term,  and  continuing  on  succes- 
sive Saturdays  until  finished . 

5.  Three  hours  shall  be  allowed  to  the  candidate  in  each 
examination.  The  hours  for  such  examinations  shall  be  from  9 
to  12  a.  m.,  and  from  2  to  5  p.  m. 

6.  To  graduate  in  any  single  course,  the  candidate  must 
reach  a  grade  of  not  less  than  75  out  of  a  possible  100  points.  If 
the  student  has  prepared  privately,  not  attending  any  lectures  on 
the  subject,  a  grade  of  go  is  required  for  graduation.  In  grading 
the  papers  stress  shall  be  laid  upon  both  the  form  and  the  matter. 
In  a  possible  grade  of  100  points,  each  question  shall  have  its  pro- 
portionate value. 

7.  New  questions  shall  be  prepared  for  each  written  exami- 
nation and  submitted  to  the  Examining  Committee;  such  changes 
and  additions  may  be  made  as  are  deemed  expedient. 

8.  All  examinations  shall  be  supervised  by  the  President  of 
the  Seminary  in  consultation  with  the  Faculty. 

9.  Examinations  shall  be  held  in  all  the  subjects  offered  in 
the  twenty-one  regular  courses. 

10.  Courses  17  to  21,  inclusive,  leading  to  the  degree  of  B. 
D.,  shall  be  open  only  to  students  who  are  in  residence,  and  who 
are  graduates  either  of  this  Seminary,  or  of  a  Seminary  of  ac- 
knowledged standing.  To  graduate  with  the  degree  of  B.  D.,  the 
candidate  must  pass  in  courses  13,  and  17  to  21  inclusive,  with  a 
grade  of  not  less  than  80  in  any  one  course,  and  with  an  average 
of  not  less  than  85. 

n.  No  student  who  has  taken  part  of  a  theological  course  at 
another  Seminary  or  at  a  European  university,  shall  be  admitted 
ad  eundem  gradum,  but  he  may  offer  for  examination  as  many  of 
the  sixteen  regular  courses  as  he  may  be  prepared  for. 

12.  The  following  rules  govern  the  examinations  for  advanced 
standing: 

1)  The  examinations  shall  be  both  oral  and  written. 

2)  The  written  examinations  shall  cover  three  hours  in  each 
subject. 

3)  The  examinations  shall  cover  the  subjects  and  text-books 
used  in  the  course. 

4)  For  graduation  the  candidate  must  obtain  a  grade  of  75 
in  each  course,  of  a  possible  100. 

5)  These  Pass  Examinations  in  each  course  are  offered  only 
during  the  months  of  April  and  October,  as  appointed. 

13.  A  regular  student  desiring  to  gain  an  advanced  standing 
may,  with  the  permission  of  the  Faculty  and  in  addition  to  his 


28  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

regular  studies,  offer  other  subjects  for  examination  under  the 
following  conditions : 

i)  His  work  in  the  regular  courses  must  satisfy  the  require- 
ments of  the  Institution. 

2)  He  must  pass  both  the  Preliminary  and  the  Pass  Exami- 
nation on  the  subject  offered. 

3)  He  must  also  pass  an  oral  examination. 

4)  He  must  obtain  for  graduation  a  grade  of  90  out  of  a  pos- 
sible 100. 

14.  No  student,  even  if  a  graduate  from  another  Theological 
Seminary,  can  graduate  from  this  Seminary  or  become  a  candidate 
for  the  degree  of  B.  D.,  unless  he  has  been  enrolled  as  a  resident 
student  for  a  period  equivalent  to  at  least  five  months  of  consecu- 
tive study.  Exceptions  are  made  in  the  case  of  clergymen  in 
active  service  who  complete  the  work  laid  out  for  them  in  the 
post-graduate  department  of  the  correspondence  course,  by  gradu- 
ating in  eight  courses. 

15.  Pastors  in  residence,  not  graduates  of  a  College  and  of  a 
Theological  Seminary,  shall  come  under  the  same  statutes,  and 
must  pass  the  same  examination  as  other  students. 

16.  Pastors  in  residence,  graduates  of  a  College  and  a 
Theological  Seminary,  possessing  a  working  knowledge  of  Latin, 
Greek,  Hebrew,  and  German,  may  become  candidates  for  the 
degree  of  B.  D.,  under  the  following  conditions: 

1)  They  must  be  in  residence  for  a  period  equivalent  to  at 
least  five  months  of  consecutive  study. 

2)  They  must  pass  the  Preliminary  and  Pass  Examinations 
in  Dogmatics,  Apologetics,  Comparative  Religions,  Philo- 
sophy, Hebrew  Exegesis,  Greek  Exegesis,  and  Theological 
Literature. 

3)  The  statutes  governing  the  Examinations  shall  be  the  sam£ 
as  those  for  regular  students. 

17.  Any  student  who  may  fail  in  passing,  or  from  good  and 
sufficient  reasons  is  prevented  from  offering  the  April  Pass 
Examination,  may  present  himself  at  the  October  Pass  Exami- 
nation. 

Article  VIII.     Of  the  Correspondence  School. 

1.  Courses  of  instruction  by  correspondence  shall  be  offered 
by  the  Faculty  to  Non-Resident  Pastors  who  wish  to  continue  their 
theological  studies  systematically. 

2.  Non-Resident  Pastors  desiring  to  take  up  such  systematic 
study  shall  be  arranged  under  three  classes: 

Class  I. — Those  special  cases  in  which  students  have  been 
ordained  before  graduation  at  a  Theological  Seminary,  and  are 
desirous  of  continuing  their  studies  and  of  passing  Examinations  in 
all  the  subjects  for  regular  graduation  in  our  Seminary; 

Class  II. — Those  who  being  regular  graduates  of  this  Semi- 
nary, or  of  a  Seminary  of  acknowledged  standing,  wish  to  take  up 
such  studies  as  shall  lead  to  the  degree  of  B.  D.; 


BY-LAWS    OF     SEMINARY.  29 


Class  III. — Those  Pastors  who  wish  to  take  up  systematic 
study  without  reference  to  any  degree. 

3.  Each  student  becoming  a  member  of  the  Correspondence 
School  will  be  expected  to  pay  the  nominal  sum  of  one  dollar  per 
year,  to  cover  postage  and  incidental  expenses,  which  sum  how- 
ever will  also  include  the  subscription  to  the  Record. 

4.  The  examination  in  the  Courses  for  Non-Resident  Pastors 
shall  in  all  cases  be  in  writing.  It  shall  consist  in  answers  to 
examination  questions  drawn  up  by  the  student  himself,  or  in 
reviews  of  the  books  studied.  All  such  work  shall  be  examined 
by  the  Faculty  and  graded  according  to  its  merits,  and,  if  satis- 
factory, the  student  will  be  graduated  in  the  respective  subjects 
offered. 

Class  I. 

5.  Pastors  enrolled  under  Class  I  wishing  to  graduate, 
must  pass  an  examination  in  the  text-books  assigned  in  the  sixteen 
regular  courses  as  required  of  students  in  residence,  and  in  such 
additional  works  in  each  course  as  may  from  time  to  time  be 
required  by  the  Faculty. 

6.  By  special  arrangement  such  Pastors  may  substitute  any 
available  works,  in  English,  German,  or  in  the  Scandinavian  lan- 
guages, covering  the  same  topics. 

7.  Graduates  under  Class  I  will  be  allowed  to  take  up  the 
courses  offered  to  Post-Graduate  students  under  Class  II,  and  will 
receive  proper  credit  on  each  course  selected  for  work  already 
done.  If  such  Pastors,  however,  wish  to  receive  a  diploma  of 
regular  graduation  in  this  Seminary  they  must  spend  at  least  five 
months  in  residence,  and,  as  a  rule,  this  residence  must  be  during 
the  period  next  preceding  their  graduation. 

Class  II. 

8.  Graduation  in  eight  of  the  twenty-four  courses  offered  to 
Non-Resident  Post-Graduates  shall  lead  to  the  degree  of  Bacca- 
laureus  Divinitatis  (B.  D).  One  course  must  be  taken  from  each 
of  the  five  departments  (Exegetical,  Historical,  Systematic,  Prac- 
tical, Philosophical),  and  three  are  elective. 

9.  Each  Post-Graduate  course  shall  consists  of  two  parts, 
the  first  Part  embracing  either  a  review  of  the  corresponding 
courses  offered  by  the  Seminary  to  students  in  residence,  or  the 
review  of  some  standard  work,  and  the  second  Part  entering  more 
into  the  details  of  the  science.  The  books  required  in  each  course 
shall  from  time  to  time  be  determined  by  the  Faculty. 

10.  No  one  can  be  enrolled  under  Class  II  until  he  has 
given  satisfactory  evidence  of  being  a  regular  graduate  of  a  Semi- 
nary of  acknowledged  standing,  requiring  a  knowledge  of  Hebrew, 
Greek,  and  Latin;  or  has  passed  examination  in  all  the  subjects 
required  for  graduation  as  offered  to  the  students  under  Class  I. 

Class  III. 

11.  Members  of  Class  III  may  take  up  any  subject  or  sub- 
jects, without  any  conditions  save  faithful  work  as  far  as  their 
time  permits  and  periodic  reports  of  work  done. 


30  student's  handbook. 


Article  IX.     Of  Fellowships,    Clerkships  and  Scholarships. 

1.  In  order  to  provide  for  the  proper  care  of  the  Library, 
the  buildings,  and  the  grounds  of  the  Institution,  and  such  church 
work  as  may  tend  to  promote  the  practical  efficiency  of  the  stu- 
dents, the  Board  of  Directors  shall  establish  each  year  at  its 
annual  meeting  such  Fellowships,  Clerkships,  and  Scholarships  as 
may  have  been  provided  for  by  legacies  and  occasional  donations. 

2.  By  authority  of  the  Board,  Fellowships  may  be  assigned 
by  the  Executive  Committee  to  any  student  who  may  be  appointed 
by  the  Faculty  to  prepare  undergraduates  for  the  Matriculation 
Examination,  or  who  may  do  tutorial  work.  The  annual  value  of 
a  Fellowship  shall  be  from  $50  to  $100,  and  shall  not  exceed  the 
latter  sum,  except  in  special  cases,  determined  at  the  time  of 
assignment. 

3.  Clerkships  under  the  control  of  the  Board,  with  an  annual 
value  of  from  $50  and  not  to  exceed  $100,  may  be  assigned  by 
the  Executive  Committee  to  students  needing  aid,  for  services 
rendered. 

4.  The  following  regulations  govern  the  awarding  of  Clerk- 
ships. 

1)  They  shall  be  confined  to  students  who  establish  their 
need  of  assistance. 

2)  They  shall  be  held  by  such  students  only  as  show  good 
scholarship  with  an  average  of  85. 

3)  If  a  student  does  not  attain  a  higher  standing  than  the 
general  average  of  85  at  his  Final  Examination  in  April  or  Octo- 
ber, he  cannot  receive  a  Clerkship  for  the  following  year. 

4)  The  Faculty  shall  certify  to  the  Executive  Committee  that 
the  students  recommended  for  Clerkships  are  possessed  of  the 
proper  physical  constitution,  settled  Christian  character,  and  the 
proper  intellectual  gifts  and  attainments. 

5)  Students  awarded  Clerkships  must  obligate  themselves  to 
engage  in  the  work  assigned  to  them,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Faculty. 

5.  As  soon  as  funds  are  provided  for  this  special  purpose, 
Scholarships  may  be  offered  by  the  Board  of  Directors,  but  can 
be  awarded  only  after  a  competitive  examination  in  some  special 
subject  to  students  attaining  the  highest  standing,  and  are  open  to 
all  candidates.  The  annual  value  of  a  Scholarship  shall  be  $100. 
Students  holding  Scholarships  must  obligate  themselves  to  engage 
in  church  work  in  or  near  Chicago,  under  the  direction  of  the 
Faculty.  At  least  five  months'  notice  shall  be  given  that  such 
Scholarships  are  open  to  competition. 

Article  X.     Of  Sessions  and  Vacations. 

1.  The  Scholastic  year  shall  begin  the  first  Thursday  of 
October  of  each  year,  when  all  students  and  applicants  for  admis- 
sion are  to  be  present,  and  the  year  for  regular  class  work  shall 
close  with  the  Graduation  Exercises  on  the  Wednesday  preceding 
the  first  of  May.  , 

2.  The  Seminary  year  shall  be  divided  into  five  terms  of  five 


BY-LAWS    OF     SEMINARY.  31 

weeks  each,  two  terms  prior  to  the  Christmas  holidays,  and  three 
terms  subsequent  to  the  Christmas  holidays. 

No  public  recitations  or  lectures  shall  be  held  during  the  ten 
days  known  as  the  Christmas  holidays,  nor  on  Good  Friday  and 
Easter  Monday. 

Unless  formally  excused  all  regular  students  are  required  to 
be  in  residence  during  the  entire  Seminary  year. 

Article  XI.     Change  of  By-Lazvs. 

i.  These  Statutes,  with  the  exception  of  those  heretofore 
named,  may  be  amended  or  altered  at  any  regular  annual  meeting 
of  the  Board,  by  a  two-thirds  vote  of  the  members  present,  pro- 
vided the  change  has  been  proposed  in  writing  at  a  previous  meet- 
ing. 

2.  All  By-Laws  and  Statutes  heretofore  in  force,  which  may 
conflict  with  these  Statutes,  are  hereby  canceled. 


32  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


Part  II.— SPECIAL  INFORMATION 


PROFESSORS  AND  OTHER  OFFICERS 

Appointed 
President, R.  F.  Weidner,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,       1894 

PROFESSORS. 

Systematic  Theology,  .  R.  F.  Weidner,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  1891 

Practical  Theology,      .  G.  H.  Gerberding,  D.  Dm  1894 

Exegetical  Theology,    .  Elmer  F.  Krauss,  D.  D.,  1900 

Historical  Theology,    .  Alfred  Ramsey,  D.  D.,  1904 

Elocution Arthur  E.  Phillips,  Lit.  D.,  1895 

Dean, President  Weidner. 

Assistant  Dean,     .  Dr.  Gerberding. 

Sec.  of  the  Faculty,  Dr.  Krauss. 

Librarian,     .     .     .  Dr.  Krauss. 

BOARD   OF    DIRECTORS. 

President,      .     .     .     Samuel  Wagbnhals,  D.  D. 
Secretary,      .     .     .     W.  K.  Frick,  D.  D. 
Treasurer,    .     .     .     H.  W.  Roth,  D.  D. 

General  Secretary,  Rev.  Frank  E.  Jensen. 

ARRANGEMENT  OF  CLASSES  AND  STUDIES. 

First  Year— Theol.  Ency.,  Junior  Greek  N.  T.,  Junior  Hebrew, 
English  O.  T.,  English  N.  T.,  Elocution  and 
Music. 

Second  Year— Church  History,  Catechetics  and  Pedagogics, 
Foreign,  Home  and  Inner  Missions,  Sociology, 
Greek  and  Hebrew  Exegesis,  Elocution  and  Music. 

Third  Year— Apologetics,  Moral  Philosophy,  Christian  Ethics, 
Dogmatics,  Confessions,  History  of  Dogmas, 
Homiletics,  Pastoral  Theology,  Liturgies,  Church 
Polity,  Greek  and  Hebrew  Exegesis,  Elocution 
and  Music. 

Fourth  Year — Apologetics,  Comparative  Religions,  Philosophy, 
Greek  and  Hebrew  Exegesis,  Elocution  and 
Music,  Theological  Literature. 


COURSES.  33 

COURSE  OF  STUDY. 

1.  In  the  presentation  of  courses  of  study  a 
new  arrangement  has  been  adopted.  The  material 
offered  to  students  does  not  largely  differ  from  that 
of  preceding  years,  except  in  the  enrichment  of 
courses  in  Home  and  Inner  Missions,  in  Pedagogics 
and  Sociology. 

2.  In  Theology  we  have  some  30  distinct  and 
systematic  sciences,  which  may  be  distributed  as 
follows: 

I.  Exegetical  Theology. 

1.  Hebrew.  7.  Biblical  Canonics. 

2.  Aramaic.  8.  Textual  Criticism. 

3.  N.  T.  Greek.  9.  Higher  Criticism. 

4.  Biblical  Geography.      10.  Bibl.  Hermeneutics. 

5.  Biblical  Archaeology.    1 1.  O.  T.  Exegesis. 

6.  Modern  Excavations.  12.  N.  T.  Exegesis. 

II.  Historical  Theology. 

13.  O.  T.  History.  18.  History  of  Doctrines. 

14.  N.  T.  History.  19.  Patristics. 

15.  Bibl.  Theol.  of  O.  T.  20.  Symbolics. 

16.  Bibl.  Theol.  of  N.  T.  21.  Eccl.  Archaeology. 

17.  Church  History. 


III. 

Systematic  Theology. 

22.  Apologetics. 

23.  Dogmatics. 

24.  Ethics. 

IV. 

PracticalTheology. 

25.  Catechetics. 

26.  Pedagogics. 

27.  Diaconics. 

28.  Sociology. 

29.  Evangelistics. 

30.  Liturgies. 

31.  Homiletics. 

32.  Pastoral  Theology. 

33.  Church  Polity. 

All  these  sciences  are  logically  arranged  so  as 
to  be  comprised  in  21  distinct  and  independent 
courses,  and  are  offered  and  required  for  the  degree 
of  B.  D.  in  the  regular  course  of  four  years,  as 
follows: 


34 
I. 


STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


Regular  Courses  Offered  for  Resident  Students. 


First   Year. 

Theological  Encyclopaedia 

a.  Exeget.  Theol.  and  Hermeneutics 

b.  Hist.,  Sytem.  and  Practical  Theology 

c.  Biblical  Geography  and  Antiquities 

New  Testament  Greek  Junior 

a.  N.  T.  Greek  Prose,  Syntax  and  Vocabulary. 

b.  Gospel  of  Mark,  with  Harmony 

c.  Acts.    Translation  and  Exegesis 

Old  Testament  Hebrew  Junior 

a.  Hebrew  Grammar 

b.  Genesis  I-XVI. 

English  Old  Testament      - 

a.  Old  Testament  History! 

b.  Old  Testament  Introduction 

c.  Old  Testament  Theology 

English  New  Testament     - 

a.  New  Testament  History 

b.  New  Testament  Introduction 

c.  New  Testament  Theology 

Elocution,  Rhetoric,  and  Music    - 

a.  Preliminary  Homiletics 

b.  Elocution  and  Voice  Culture 

c.  Rhetoric  and  Rhetorical  Exercises 

d.  Music  -  - 


Hours. 


John. 


Second  Year. 


75 


7.     Church  History 


75 


75 


125 


125 


10. 


Catechetics  and  Pedagogics 

a.  Catechetics 

b.  History  and  Theory  of  Pedagogics 

c.  Special  Pedagogics.    Sunday  School  Work 

Evangelistics,  Diaconics,  Sociology 

a.  History  and  Science  of  Foreign  Missions 

b.  Home  and  Inner  Missions 

c.  Sociology     • 

Greek  Exegesis        - 

«.    Textual  Criticism  and  Galatians 

b.  I.  Corinthians    -  -  -  - 

c.  Romans        .... 

Hebrew  Exegesis    - 

a.  Genesis  and  Exodus 

b.  Messianic  Passages  in  the  O.  T. 

c.  Isaiah  (40-66) 


75 


75 


75 


75 


Third  Year. 


12.     Apologetics,  Moral  Philosophy,  Christian  Ethics 


Apologetics 
Moral  Philosophy 
Christian  Ethics 


IOO 


COURSES.  oO 

13.  Dogmatics          «...           -  125 

14.  Symbolics,  Confessions,  History  of  Dogmas  -               100 

a.  Symbolics    -"••--  25 

b.  Intro,  to  Dog.  and  Conservative  Reformation  -           2$ 

c.  History  of  Dogmas  and  Augsburg  Confession  50 

15      Homiletics               -  75 

a.  History  and  Theory  of  Preaching      -             -  25 

b.  Practical  Homiletics      -                             -  25 

c.  Elocution    -----  25 

16.     Pastoral  Theology,  Liturgies,  Church  Polity  -                 75 

a.  Pastoral  Theology    -             -             -             -  25 

b.  History  and  Theory  of  Liturgies              -  -          15 

c.  The  Ministerial  Acts                            -             -  10 

d.  Christian  Archaeology  15 

e.  Ecclesiastical  Architecture    -             -             -  5 

f.  Church  Polity    -----  5 


Fourth  Year. 

The  first  sixteen  courses  are  required  for  graduation. 
After  graduation  in  these  sixteen  the  five  following  courses  must 
hereafter  be  taken  for  the  degree  of  Baccalaureus  Divinitatis, 
and  students  preparing  for  this  degree  must  be  in  residence. 
These  courses  are  not  open  to  students  who  are  not  graduates  of 
this  Seminary,  or  of  a  Seminary  of  acknowledged  standing. 

17.  Apologetics  and  Comparative  Religions    -  -  75 

a.  Apologetics  ....  g0 

b.  Comparative  Religions  -  -  -  -  25 

18.  History  of  Philosophy  and  One  System  -  75 

a.  History  of  Philosophy  -  -  -  -  50 

b.  One  Philosophical  System  (elective)  -  25 

rg.     Hebrew  Exegesis    -----  75 

a.  Higher  Criticism  of  O.  T.     -  -  -  25 

b.  Minor  Prophets  (selection)  -  -  25 

c.  Jonah  and  Nahum     -  25 

20.  Greek  Exegesis        -  -  -  -  -  75 

a.  Ephesians  and  Colossians     -  25 

b.  Hebrews  ...  -  -  25 

c.  General  Epistles       ....  25 

21.  Theological  Literature        ...  -  75 


36  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

3.  The  aim  is  to  encourage  young  men  to  pre- 
pare themselves  most  thoroughly  before  entering 
the  Seminary,  and  then  to  give  them  the  best  min- 
isterial training  on  the  highest  possible  plane. 
The  plan  in  view  implies  four  years  work,  on  the 
part  of  a  college  or  university  graduate,  for  the 
degree  of  B.  D.,  and  the  whole  course  is  recom- 
mended to  gifted  and  ripe  students.  The  first  six- 
teen courses  can  be  completed  in  three  years,  but 
the  Faculty  earnestly  advises  students  who  have 
charge  of  churches  to  take  four  years  to  cover  the 
regular  three  years  course,  and  five  for  the  degree 
of  B.  D. 

4.  The  standard  of  educational  preparation  is  that 
of  collegiate  graduation.  Exceptions  can  be  made 
only  where  the  student  is  advanced  in  years,  and 
when  maturity  of  character  and  practical  expe- 
rience in  teaching  and  church  work  in  part  com- 
pensate for  the  lack  of  technical  education,  but  no 
student  will  be  graduated  before  he  has  satisfied  all 
the  requirements  laid  down  for  Matriculation  exami- 
nation. 

5.  Students  preparing  themselves  in  the  various 
colleges  and  Church  institutions  for  entrance  to 
this  Theological  Seminary  are  urged  to  pay  special 
attention  1)  to  Mathematics^  as  it  affords  the  test  of 
the  mind's  demonstrative  power;  2)  to  History 
(Ancient,  Mediaeval,  and  Modern);  3)  to  the  classic 
languages  (especially  Greek) ;  4)  to  German  (for  the 
Theologian  a  matter  of  absolute  necessity);  5)  to 
the  Natural  Sciences  (Physics,  Physiology,  Chem- 
istry), especially  Geology  and  Astronomy \  for  these 
sciences  are  very  valuable  in  the  department  of 
Apologetics;  6)  to  Psychology;  7)  to  Logic;  8)  to 
Moral  Philosophy;  9)  to  Biographical  History  of  Phi- 
losophy; 10)  to  English  Rhetoric,  and  Literature  in 
general. 

6.  Many  of  our  Church  institutions  use  two 
living  languages  in  instruction  and  do  not  teach 
some  subjects  as  fully  as  may  be  desirable.  It  is 
possible  to  graduate  in  some  colleges  and  state 
institutions  without  a  knowledge  of  Greek.  It  is 
very  important   that   all  ministers   of  the    English 


COURSES.  37 

Lutheran  Church  should  be  thoroughly  grounded  in 
elementary  studies.  The  following  courses  there- 
fore  are  offered  separately;  and,  unless  a  student 
gets  credit  for  these  studies  at  entrance,  they  must 
be  taken  in  addition  to  regular  theological  work. 
No  one  shall  be  graduated  unless  he  shall  have 
passed  satisfactory  examinations  therein 

PRESCRIBED   PRELIMINARY  STUDIES. 

1.  English  and  Composition  (Course  I.)  ioo 
hours. 

2.  Advanced  English  and  Rhetoric  (Course 
II.)  ioo  hours. 

3.  Higher  English  and  Paragraph  Writing 
(Course  III.)  100  hours. 

4.  Ancient  History.     50  hours. 

5.  General  History.     50  hours. 

6.  Greek.     100  hours. 

7.  Geology.     50  hours. 

8.  Astronomy.     50  hours. 

9.  Biology.     50  hours. 

10.  Psychology.     50  hours 

11.  Logic.     50  hours. 

12.  Biographical  History  of  Philosophy.  50  hours. 
7.  The  following  subjects,  if  they  have  not  been 

covered  by  students  in  their  collegiate  studies, 
should  be  read  and  studied  during  the  summer 
vacations: 

1.  English  Prose.  Bacon,  Essays ;  Jeremy  Tay- 
lor, Holy  Living;  Goldsmith,  Vicar  of  Wakefield; 
Addison,  Sir  Roger  de  Coverlefs  Papers ;  Ruskin, 
Sesame  and  Lilies,  Prceterita, 

2.  American  Prose.  Irving,  Sketch  Book;  Web- 
ster, Select  Speeches;  Hawthorne,  The  Scarlet  Letter; 
Holmes,  The  Autocrat  of  the  Breakfast  Table ;  Lowell, 
Among  my  Books, 

3.  English  Poetry.  Spenser,  Faetie  Queen; 
Shakespeare,  Hamlet,  King  Lear,  Julius  Ccesar,  Mer- 
chant of  Venice ;  Milton,  Paradise  Lost;  Tennyson, 
Idylls  of  the  King;  Browning,  Saul,  An  Epistle,  A 
Death  in  the  Desert,  Bishop  Blougram's  Apology* 

4.  American  Poetry.  Longfellow,  Evangeline, 
The  Courtship  of  Miles  Standish,  Hiawatha, 


38  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

5.  Latin  Prose  in  English.  Cicero,  Select 
Orations,  0?i  Duties,  On  Old  Age,  On  Friendship. 

6.  Latin  Poetry  in  English.  Virgil,  JEneid; 
Horace,  The  Epistles. 

7.  Greek  Prose  in  English.  Plato,  The  Apology 
of  Socrates,  Phaedo,  The  Republic;  Plutarch,  Lives 
(selection). 

8.  Greek  Poetry  in  English.  Homer,  Iliad  and 
Odyssey;  Aeschylus,  Prometheus  Bound;  Sophocles, 
Antigone,  Electra;  Euripides,  Alcestis  and  Medea. 

9.  German  Poetry  in  English.  Goethe,  Faust; 
Schiller,  The  Lay  of  the  Bell. 

10.  Italian  Poetry  in  English.  Dante,  Divine 
Comedia. 

11.  French  Prose  in  English.  Pascal,  Thoughts; 
Fenelon,  Telemachus. 

8.  The  following  subjects  must  be  covered  by 
students  during  their  connection  with  this  institution, 
and  maybe  read  during  the  summer  vacations. 

Students  must  earn  credits  for  each  point  before 
they  will  be  graduated. 

1.  Reading  of  the  Old  Testament. 

2.  Reading  of  the  New  Testament. 

3.  Farrar,  Life  of  'Christ 

4.  Conybeare  and  Howson,  Life  of  Paul. 

(The  above  four  courses  are  to  be  finished,  if 
possible,  before  the  second  year's  work  is 
taken  up.) 

5.  The  Book  of  Concord. 

6.  Krauth,  Conservative  Refotmation. 
(Courses  five  and  six  must  be   finished,  if  possi- 
ble, before  the  third  year's  work  is  taken  up.) 

7.  Reading  of  the  Greek  New  Testament, 

8.  Krauth,  Conservative  Reformation. 

9.  Koestlin,  Theology  of  Luther  (Thesis). 
(Courses  seven,  eight  and  nine,  are  required  for 

graduation  with  the  degree  B.  D.) 
9.    Analysis  of  Courses. 
i.    exegetical  theology. 
I.    Exegetical  Theology  and  Hermeneutics.   25  hrs. 
Books  required: 
Weidner,  Encyclopaedia^  Vol.  I. 


COURSES.  o» 

2 .  Historical,  Systematic  and  Practical  Theology .  2 5  hrs 

Books  required: 
Weidner,  Encyclopcedia,  Vol.  II 

3.  Biblical  Geography  and  Archceology.     25  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Hurlbut,  Biblical  Geography. 
Bissell,  Biblical  Antiquities. 

4.  N,  T.  Greek  Method  andjohti.    50  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Harper- Weidner,  Greek  Method  and  John, 
Plummer,  On  John  {Greek  text). 

5.  Greek  Harmony  and  Mark.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Gardiner,  Harmony  of  the  Greek  Text. 
Maclear,  On  Mark  (Greek  text). 
Green,  Handbook  to   the  Grammar  of  the 
Greek  N.  T. 

6.  Acts  in  Greek.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Nestle   and  Weidner,   Greek    N.   T.  with 

Lexicon. 
Green,  Handbook  of  the   Grammar  of  the 

Greek  N.  T. 
Lumby,  On  Acts  (Greek  text), 

7.  The  Pauline  Epistles  in  Greek  and  English.  25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Conybeare  and  Howson,  Life  of  St.  Paul. 
Weid  n  e  r,  Studies  in  the  Book.  Vols.  II.  and  III. 
Boise,  Notes  on  the  Pauline  Epistles. 
Nestle  and  Weidner,  Greek  Testament  with 

Lexicon. 
Green,  Handbook  of  the  Grammar  ofN.  T. 

Greek. 

8.  Textual  Criticism  and  Galatians,    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Schaff,  Companion  to  the  Greek  Testament  and 

English  Version. 
Ellicott,  Galatians. 
Boise,  Notes  on  the  Pauline  Epistles. 

9.  Romans,  Greek  text.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Vaughan,  Romans. 
Boise,  Notes  on  the  Pauline  Epistles. 


40  student's  handbook. 

10.  Colossians  and  Ephesians.     Greek  text.    25  hrs 

Books  required: 
Light  foot,  Colossians. 
Ellicott,  Colossians. 
Ellicott,  Ephesians. 
Boise,  Notes  on  the  Pauline  Epistles. 
Thayer,  Lexicon  of  N.  T.  Greek. 

11.  Hebrews.     Greek  text.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Vaughan,  The  Epistle  to  the  Hebrews. 
Wescott,  On  Hebrews. 

12.  Land  II.  Corinthians.     Greek  text.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Ellicott,  /.  Corinthians. 
Boise,  Notes  on  the  Pauline  Epistles. 

13.  Pastoral  Epistles.     Greek  text.    2$  hrs. 

Ellicott,  The  Pastoral  Epistles. 
Bernard,  The  Pastoral  Epistles. 

14.  General  Epistles.     Greek  text.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Plummer,  The  Epistles  of  John. 
Hort,  First  Epistle  of  Peter. 
VVeidner,  General  Epistles. 

15.  Revelation.     Greek  text.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Weidner,  Revelation. 
Swete,  Revelation. 

16.  0.  T.  Introduction.    2$  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Raven,  O.  T.  Introduction. 
Angus-Green,  Cyclopedic  Handbook  to  the 
Bible. 

17.  N.  T.  Introduction.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Angus- Green,  Cyclopedic  Handbook  to  the 

Bible. 
We i  d  n er,  Studies  in  the  Book.  Three  Volumes. 

18.  Hebrew  Grammar  and  Genesis ',  I. •XVI.    100  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Harper,  Hebrew  Method  and  Manual. 
Davidson,  Hebrew  Grammar. 
Weidner,  Genesis. 


COURSES.  41 

19.  Genesis  and  Exodus.    Hebrew  text.     2$  hrs 

Books  required: 
Hebrew  Bible. 

Harper,  Elements  of  Syntax. 
Mitchell-Davies,  Hebrew  Lexicon. 
Weidner,  Studies  in  Genesis. 
Weidner,  Studies  in  Exodus. 

20.  Messianic  Prophecies.    Hebrew  text.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Hebrew  Bible. 

21.  Isaiah  XL.- LXV I.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Hebrew  Bible. 

Harper,  Elements  of  Syntax. 
Lange,  Isaiah. 

22.  Jonah  and  N ahum.    2^  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Hebrew  Bible. 

Harper,  Elements  of  Syntax. 
Lange,  Minor  Prophets. 

23.  Higher  Criticism.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Zenos,  The  Elements  of  Higher  Criticism. 

Orr,  The  Problem  of  the  0.  T. 
(Theses  required   on    Job,  Isaiah,   Daniel,   the 
Synoptic  Problem,  and  Acts.) 

24.  Selections  from  Job  and  Psalms.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Hebrew  Bible. 
Lange,  Commentaries. 

25.  Zechariah.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Hebrew  Bible. 
Lange,  Minor  Prophets. 

26.  Biblical  Aramaic  and  Daniel.    25  hrs 

Books  required: 
Hebrew  Bible. 

Zoeckler,  Daniel  (In  Lange). 
(In  Exegetical  Theology,  Courses  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6, 
7,  8,  9,  10  (or  the  equivalent  of  10),  16,  17,  18, 
19,  20,  21,  22  (or  the  equivalent  of  22),  arc 
required  for  graduation.) 


42  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

(For  the  degree  of  B.  D.  three  elective  Courses 
in  Greek  are  required  (elective  from  Courses 
8,  9,  10,  II,  12,  13,  14, 15),  and  also  three  elect- 
ive Courses  in  Hebrew  (elective  from  Courses 
19,  20,  21,  22,  23,  24,  25,  26.) 
II.     Historical  theology. 

27.  Old  Testament  History.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Revised  Old  Testament. 
Blaikie,  Bible  History. 

28.  Biblical  Theology  of  the  Old  Testament.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Revised  Old  Testament. 
Weidner,  Biblical  Theology  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment. 

29.  New  Testament  History.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Revised  New  Testament. 
Maclear,  New  Testament  History. 
Hurlbut,  Biblical  Geography. 

30.  Biblical  Theology  of  the  New  Testament.   25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Revised  New  Testament, 
Weidner,  Biblical  Theology  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment.    2  vols. 

31.  Church  History.    Ancient  Period.    25  hrs. 

32.  Church  History.     Mediaeval  Period.    25  hrs. 

33.  Church  History.    Reformation  Period.    25  hrs. 

34.  Church  History.    Modern  Period,    25  hrs, 

35.  Lutheran  Church  in  U.  S.    25  hrs. 

Books  required  in  Church  History: 
Kurtz,  Church  History,    3  vols. 
Weidner,  Examination  Questions  in  Church 

History. 
Jacobs,  Lutheran  Church  in  the  United  States. 

36.  Symbolics.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Gumlich,  Christian  Creeds  and  Confessions. 

Graul,  Distinctive  Doctrines. 
■j.     Lutheran  Confessions.    25  hrs. 
Books  required: 

Jacobs,  Book  of  Concord.    2  vols. 

Whitteker,  Augsburg  Confession. 


COURSES.  43 


38.  Introduction  to  Dogmatics.     25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Weidner,  Introduction  to  Dogmatic  Theology. 

39.  History  of  Dogmas.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Fisher,  History  of  Christian  Doctrine. 

40.  History  of  Preaching.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Pattison,  History  of  Preaching. 

41.  Christian  Archoeology.     25  hrs. 

Christian  Art. 
Christian  Architecture. 
Christian  Worship, 
Christian  Life. 
JChurch  Polity. 
Books  required: 
Bennett,  Christian  Archaeology. 
Weidner,  The  Doctrine  of  the  Church. 
(These  fifteen  Courses  offered  in  Historical  The- 
ology are  required  for  graduation.) 

III.    Systematic  theology. 

42.  General  Apologetics.     25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Fisher,  The  Grounds  of  Theistic  and  Christian 
Belief. 

43.  Special  Apologetics.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Stearns,  Evidence  of  Christian  Experience. 

44.  Philosophical  Apologetics.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Fair  bairn,  The  Philosophy  of  the  Christian 
Religion. 

45.  Comparative  Religions.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Grant,  The  Religions  of  the  World. 
Kellogg,    A    Handbook    of   Comparative 
Religions. 

46.  Christian  Ethics.    50  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Weidner,  Christian  Ethics. 

47.  Dogmatics.     Theologia.    25  hrs. 

48.  Anthropology  and  Christology.    25  hrs. 


44  student's  handbook. 

49.  Soteriology.    25  hrs. 

50.  Pneumatology.     25  hrs. 

5 1 .  Ecclesiology  and  Eschatology.    2$  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Weidner,  Theologia. 

Sen  mid,  Doctrinal  Theology  or  the  Lutheran- 
Church. 
Weidner,  Biblical  Theology  of  the  Old  Testa- 
ment. 
Weidner,  Biblical  Theology  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment.   2  vols. 
Krauth,  Conservative  Reformation. 
Weidner,  Doctrine  of  the  Church. 
Weidner,  Doctrine  of  the  Ministry. 
Weidner,  The  Book  of  Revelation. 
22.     Theology  of  Luther.    25  hrs. 
Books  required: 

Koestlin,  Theology  of  Luther.    2  vols. 
53.     Theological  Literature.    50  hrs. 
Books  required: 
Maclear,  Introduction  to  the  Creeds. 
Jacobs,  Summary  of  Christian  Faith. 
Schenck,  Modern  Practical  Theology. 
(Of  the  twelve   Courses  offered   in  Systematic 
Theology  seven  (including  Courses  42,  46,  47,  48,  49, 
50  and  51)   are   required   for  graduation.     For   the 
degree  of  B.  D.  Courses  43,  44,  45,  47,  48,  49,  50,  51, 
52  and  53  are  required). 


IV.     Practical  theology. 

54.  Rhetoric.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Frink-Phelps,  Rhetoric. 

Scott  and  Denny,  Paragraph  Writing. 

55.  Catechetics.    2$  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Ziegler,  Catechetics. 

56.  Pedagogics.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Browning,  Educational  Theories. 
Rein,  Outlines  of  Pedagogics. 


COURSES. 


57.  Sunday  School  Work.    23  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Adams,  Primer  on  Teaching. 
Peters,  Sunday  School  Work. 

58.  Inner  and  Home  Missions.    23  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Wacker,  The  Deaconess*  Calling. 
Williams,  Christian  Life  in  Germany. 

59.  Sociology.    23  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Blackmar,  Sociology. 

60.  Foreign  Missions.    23  hrs. 

Books  required:       ' 
Warneck,  Protestant  Missions. 

61.  Liturgies.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Horn,  Liturgies. 
Memoirs  of  the  Lutheran  Liturgical  Asin. 

62.  Pastoral  Theology.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Gcrberding,  Pastoral  Theology 

63.  Preliminary  Homiletics.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Fry,  Elementary  Homiletics. 

64.  Practical  Homiletics.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Broadus,  Preparation  and  Delivery  of  Ser- 
mons. 

65.  Sermonic  Criticism.    23  hrs. 

66.  Elocution  and  Voice  Culture.    75  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Phillips,    Tone    System    in    Elocution    and 
Oratory. 

67.  Music.    23  hrs. 

(These    fourteen  Courses    offered    in    Practical 
Theology  are  required  for  graduation.) 

V.    Philosophical. 

68.  Biographical  History  of  Philosophy.    23  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Haven,  History  of  Philosophy. 


46  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

69.  Psychology.   §0  hrs. 

Books  required: 

Hill,  Elements  of  Psychology. 
Robertson,  Elements  of  Psychology. 

70.  Philosophical  Ethics.    25  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Hickok,  Moral  Science. 

71.  History  of  Philosophy.    50  hrs. 

Books  required: 
Weber,  History  of  Philosophy. 
Robertson,  Elements  of  General  Philosophy. 

72.  Philosophical  System.    25  hrs. 

(Either  Plato,  Aristotle,  Descartes,  Kant,  Berke- 
ley, Hamilton,  Lotze,  Bowne,  or  Bowen.) 
Books  required: 

Hibben,  Problems  of  Philosophy. 
Work  of  author  studied. 
(Of    the    five    Courses    offered    in    Philosophy, 
Courses  68,  69  and  70  are  required  for  gradua- 
tion,  and   all  five,  or  their  equivalents,  are 
required  for  the  degree  B.  D.) 
10.    Graduation. 

1)  To  graduate,  the   student  must  get  credits 
for  fifty-six  courses,  distributed  as  follows: 
Exegetical,  17; 

Historical,  15; 

Systematic,  7; 

Practical,  14; 

Philosophical,  3. 
This  is  equal  to  1500  hours  for  three  years' work, 
averaging   500   hours  each   year;    about    20    hours 
weekly. 

2)  For  the  degree  of  B.  D.  six  additional  courses 
are  required  in  Exegetical  Theology,  five 
additional  courses  in  Systematic  Theology 
and  two  additional  courses  in  Philosophical 
studies. 

3)  It  is  possible  for  a  college  graduate  who  is 
well  prepared  to  pass  the  examinations  and 
get  credits  in  the  fifty-six  courses  and  to 
graduate  in  three  years.  However,  we  advise 
that  all  who  possibly  can  do  so  take  the 
fourth  year  course  also. 


COURSES.  47 

4)  The  student  who  is  not  well  prepared  or  who 
does  not  pass  the  matriculation  examination 
on  entrance  must  remain  four  years. 

5)  A  student  until  he  passes  all  his  matricula- 
tion examinations  will  not  be  allowed  to 
take  more  than  ten  hours'  regular  work 
weekly  in  Theological  studies.  This  goes 
into  effect  October  1,  1907,  and  refers  to  all 
students  entering  after  that  date. 

6)  The  courses  leading  to  the  degree  of  B.  D. 
are  open  to  graduates  of  seminaries  of 
acknowledged  standing  and  can  be  taken  in 
residence  in  one  year.  The  candidate  must 
pass  examinations  in: 

Three  courses   in  Greek  Exegesis,   elective 
from  7-15; 

Three  courses  in  Hebrew  Exegesis,  elective 
from  19-26; 
Three  courses  in  Apologetics,  elective  from 

42-45; 

Eight  courses  in  Dogmatics,  38,  47,  48,  49,  50, 

1,  52  and  53; 

"wo  courses  in  Philosophy,  71,  72. 

11.    Arrangement  of  Courses. 

1.  For  the  sake  of  convenience  the  Seminary 
year  ofvseven  months  (Oct.-April)  is  divided  into 
five  terms  (1)  Oct.-Nov.  10;  2)  Nov.  10-Dec.  22; 
3)  Jan.  2-Feb.  7;  4)  Feb.  7-Mar.  15;  5)  Mar.  15- 
April  25.  In  each  term  there  are  five  weeks  of 
solid  work,  covering  25  days,  and  25  hours'  instruc- 
tion in  a  subject,  if  the  subject  is  taken  daily.  At 
the  close  of  each  term  there  will  be  time  for  the 
Preliminary- Examinations,  and  at  the  close  of  the 
fifth  term  for  the  Final  Examinations. 

2.  Most  of  the  subjects,  for  pedagogical  rea- 
sons, are  offered  daily, and  thus  a  course  of  25  hours 
will  be  covered  in  one  term  of  five  weeks.  In  a  few 
instances,  for  the  sake  of  convenience,  and  partly 
for  pedagogical  reasons,  a  subject  will  be  offered 
only  one  hour  weekly,  and  in  this  case  a  course  of 
25  hours  extends  throughout  the  whole  year  of  five 
terms. 


K 


48  student's  handbook. 

Examinations. 
/.     Matriculation  Examination. 

1.  All  students,  except  College  graduates  who 
have  studied  Latin,  Greek,  and  German,  will  be 
required  to  pass  the  Matriculation  Examination  at  the 
time  of  their  admission  into  the  Seminary,  or,  if  they 
should  fail  in  some  subjects,  as  soon  after  their 
entrance  as  possible.  sLatin,  Greek,  and  German, 
may  be  offered  at  any  time  before  their  graduation. 

2.  College  Graduates  who  have  studied  Latin, 
Greek,  and  German,  will  be  admitted  without  further 
examination,  their  Diploma  being  accepted  in  lieu 
of  the  Matriculation  Examination. 

3.  No  student  shall  be  graduated  from  this 
Seminary  before  he  has  passed  the  Matriculation 
Examination  in  all  the  stated  subjects,  including 
Latin,  Greek  and  German. 

4.  The  ordinary  Matriculation  Examination  shall 
be  held  twice  a  year,  on  the  first  Thursday  of  Octo- 
ber, and  on  the  third  Thursday  of  April,  beginning 
in  each  case  at  2  p.  m*. 

5.  The  Examination  in  each  subject  shall  be 
partly  oral  and  partly  written:  Students  will  be 
allowed  three  hours  for  each  written  examination. 

6.  Candidates  must  offer  the  following  "stated 
subjects"  for  Matriculation  Examination: 

1.  Arithmetic.    6.  General  History.  II.  German. 

2.  Algebra.         7.  English.  12.  Latin. 

3.  Geometry.      8.  Rhetoric.  13.  Greek. 

4.  Physics.  9.  Psychology.  14.  Geology. 

5.  Physiology.  10.  Logic.  15.  Astronomy. 

7.  In  Greek  and  Latin  the  Matriculation  Exami- 
nation shall  cover  the  Grammar  and  the  History  of 
the  Literature  of  both  languages,  and  the  candidate 
will  be  examined  on  about  100  pages  of  the  author 
he  offers,  both  on  the  text  and  the  general  contents. 
In  Latin  the  student  may  offer  any  of  the  works  of 
Caesar,  Cicero,  Virgil,  or  Horace;  in  Greek  any 
works  of  Homer,  ^Eschylus,  Sophocles,  Euripides, 
Herodotus,  Thucydides,  Xenophon,  Demosthenes, 
Plato,  or  Aristotle. 


EXAMINATIONS.  49 

8.  One  Latin  book.  Any  one  of  the  following 
books  will  be  accepted: 

Poetry. 

Virgil :  The  JEneid.     Any  two  Books. 
Horace :  Odes.     Any  two  Books. 

History. 

Caesar :  Gallic  War.     Two  Books. 
Livy :  Book  XXI  or  XXII. 
Tacitus:  Germania. 

Oratory. 

Cicero:  Orations.     Two  Orations. 

Philosophy. 

Cicero :  De  Amicitia  and  De  Senectute. 

9.  One  Greek  book.  Any  one  of  the  following 
bookf  will  be  accepted: 

Poetry. 

Homer:  Odyssey.     Two  Books. 

:  Iliad.     Two  Books. 

^Eschylus:  Agamemnon. 
Sophocles:  Antigone. 
Euripides:  Alcestis. 

History, 

Herodotus:  Book  V.  or  VI. 
Thucydides :  Book  VI.  or  VII. 
Xenophon :  Anabasis.     Three  Books. 

Oratory. 

Demosthenes:  Philippics.     Two  Speeches. 

Philosophy. 

Xenophon :  Memorabilia.     Two  Books. 
Plato :  Apologia  and  Crito. 
Aristotle:  Ethica.     Three  Books. 

10.  In  extraordinary  cases  a  student  of  advanced 
years,  otherwise  qualified,  may  prepare  for  his 
Matriculation  Examination  in  Higher  English,  Logic, 
Psychology,  Geology,  Astronomy,  German,  Latin 
and    Greek,    in    connection    with    his    theological 


50  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

studies.  But  before  this  Examination  is  passed,  stu- 
dents shall  not  be  permitted  to  take  up  at  one  time 
more  than  two  regular  courses  in  the  Seminary. 

//.     The  Preliminary  and  Pass  Examinations. 

1.  No  student  shall  be  graduated  from  this 
Institution  unless  he  be  a  college  graduate  or  have 
passed  the  Matriculation  Examination  and  been 
graduated  in  each  of  the  first  sixteen  regular  courses 
offered  by  this  Seminary.  Such  graduation  shall 
entitle  the  student  to  a  diploma  with  the  degree  of 
Graduate  of  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Evan- 
gelical Lutheran  Church  at  Chicago,  111, 

2.  There  shall  be  two  written  examinations  each 
year  in  each  course,  known  as  the  Preliminary 
Examination,  which  takes  place  at  the  end  of  the 
term  in  which  a  course  is  completed,  and  the  April 
Pass  Examination  on  each  course  finished  during 
the  year.  When  students  fail  on  any  subject  at  the 
April  Pass  Examination  they  may  offer  an  examina- 
tion on  this  subject  at  the  beginning  of  the  term  in 
October. 

3.  The  candidates  for  graduation  shall  undergo 
a  general  examination  in  all  the  subjects  pursued  in 
the  Theological  course,  especially  in  Church  His- 
tory, Catechetics,  Dogmatics  and  Greek  and  Hebrew 
Exegesis. 

4.  The  Preliminary  Examination  in  each  course 
shall  be  held  during  the  last  two  days  of  each  term. 

The  April  Pass  Examination  shall  be  held  during 
the  third  week  in  April. 

The  additional  examination,  known  as  the  Octo- 
ber Pass  Examination,  for  those  who  have  failed  at 
the  April  Pass  Examination,  shall  be  held  as  required 
during  the  month  of  October,  beginning  on  the  first 
Saturday  after  the  opening  of  the  term  and  continu- 
ing on  successive  Saturdays  until  finished. 

5.  Three  hours  shall  be  allowed  to  the  candi- 
date in  each  examination.  The  hours  for  such 
examinations  shall  be  from  9  to  12  a.  m.,  and  from 
2  to  5  p.  m. 


EXAMINATIONS.  51 

6.  To  graduate  in  any  single  course  the  candi- 
date must  reach  a  grade  of  not  less  than  75  out  of  a 
possible  100  points.  If  the  student  has  prepared 
privately,  not  attending  any  lectures  on  the  subject, 
a  grade  of  90  is  required  for  graduation.  In  grading 
the  papers  stress  shall  be  laid  upon  both  the  form 
and  the  matter.  In  a  possible  grade  of  100  points 
each  question  shall  have  its  proportionate  value, 

7.  The  students  who  have  taken  part  of  a  theo- 
logical course  at  other  seminaries  or  at  European 
universities,  shall  not  be  admitted  ad  eundem 
gradum. 

8.  An  advanced  student  of  theology,  at  his 
entrance  into  the  Seminary,  may  offer  for  examina- 
tion as  many  of  the  sixteen  regular  courses  as  he 
may  be  prepared  for. 

9.  The  following  rules  govern  the  examina- 
tions for  advanced  standing: 

1)  The  examinations  shall  be  both  oral  and 
written. 

2)  The  written  examinations  shall  cover  three 
hours  in  each  subject. 

3)  The  examinations  shall  cover  the  subjects 
and  text-books  used  in  the  course. 

4)  For  graduation  the  candidate  must  obtain 
a  grade  of  75  in  each  course,  of  a  possible 
100. 

5)  These  Pass  Examinations  in  each  course 
are  offered  only  during  the  months  of  April 
and  October,  as  appointed. 

10.  A  regular  student  desiring  to  gain  an 
advanced  standing,  in  addition  to  his  regular  studies, 
with  the  permission  of  the  Faculty,  may  offer  addi- 
tional subjects  for  examination  under  the  following 
conditions: 

1)  His  work  in  the  regular  courses  must  satisfy 
the  requirements  of  the  Institution. 

2)  He  must  pass  both  the  Preliminary  and  the 
Pass  Examination  on  the  subject  offered. 

3)  He  must  also  pass  an  oral  examination. 

4)  He  must  obtain  for  graduation  a  grade  of 
90  out  of  a  possible  100. 


52  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

11.  No  student,  even  if  a  graduate  from 
another  Theological  Seminary,  can  graduate  from 
this  Seminary  or  become  a  candidate  for  the  degree 
of  B.  D.,  unless  he  has  been  enrolled  as  a  resident 
student  for  a  period  equivalent  to  at  least  five 
months  of  consecutive  study  in  a  regular  course. 

Exceptions  are  made  in  the  case  of  clergymen  in 
active  service  who  complete  the  work  laid  out  for 
them  in  the  Post  Graduate  Department  of  the  Cor- 
respondence course,  by  graduating  in  eight  courses. 

12.  Pastors  in  residence,  not  graduates  of  a  Col- 
lege and  of  a  Theological  Seminary,  shall  come 
under  the  same  statutes,  and  must  pass  the  same 
examination  as  other  students. 

13.  Pastors  in  residence,  graduates  of  a  College 
and  a  Theological  Seminary,  possessing  a  working 
knowledge  of  Latin,  Greek,  Hebrew  and  German, 
may  become  candidates  for  the  degree  of  B.  D. 
under  the  following  conditions: 

1)  They  must  be  in  residence  for  a  period 
equivalent  to  at  least  five  months  of  con- 
secutive study. 

2)  They  must  pass  the  Preliminary  and  Pass 
Examinations  in  Dogmatics,  Apologetics, 
Comparative  Religions,  Philosophy,  Hebrew 
Exegesis,  Greek  Exegesis  and  Theological 
Literature. 

3)  The  statutes  governing  the  Examinations 
shall  be  the  same  as  those  for  regular  stu- 
dents. 

14.  Any  student  who  may  fail  in  passing,  or 
from  good  and  sufficient  reasons  is  prevented  from 
offering  the  April  Pass  Examination,  may  present 
himself  at  the  October  Pass  Examination. 

REGULATIONS  FOR   THE   EXAMINATIONS. 

I.    Directions  to  Candidates. 

1.  Be  at  your  seat  in  the  examination  room 
few  minutes  before  the  time  fixed. 

2.  Bring  with  you  ink  and  paper,  and  a  small 
composition  book,  on  which  is  pasted  on  the  outside 


EXAMINATIONS.  53 

a  small  piece  of  white  paper,  on  which  the  subject  to 
be  examined  on  is  clearly  written,  with  the  writer's 
name  in  full. 

3.  Write  only  on  one  side  of  paper  and  leave  a 
blank  space  of  least  one  inch  after  each  answer. 

4.     Answer  the  questions  in  the  order  in  which 
they  are  set. 

5.  As  the  time  allowed  is  three  hours,  find  out 
the  average  time  for  each  question,  and  do  not  write 
so  much  upon  two  or  three  questions  as  to  leave 
yourself  no  time  to  answer  others  which  you  are  able 
to  answer. 

6.  Each  question  has  its  proportionate  value. 

7.  No  communication  between  students  while 
under  examination  will  be  allowed. 

8.  No  books  will  be  allowed  in  the  examination 
room,  with  the  exception  of  the  original  Hebrew  or 
Greek  texts  of  the  Bible. 


64  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

II. — Post-Graduate  Courses  for  Non-Resident  Pastors. 

I.  Exegetical  Theology. 

1.  Theological  Encyclopaedia. 

2.  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament  Exegesis. 

3.  Greek  and  New  Testament  Exegesis. 

4.  English  Bible. 

5.  Introduction,  Higher  and  Textual  Criticism. 

II.  Historical  Theology. 

6.  Church  History  and  Christian  Archaeology. 

7.  Special  Periods  of  Church  History. 

8.  Patristics  (Greek,  Latin,  English,  or  German). 

9.  Symbolics  and  Confessions. 

10.  History  of  Dogmas. 

III.    Systematic  Theology. 

11.  Apologetics. 

12.  Moral  Philosophy  and  Christian  Ethics. 

13.  Biblical  Theology. 

14.  Dogmatics  (English). 

15.  Dogmatics  (German,  Scandinavian  or  Latin). 

IV.     Practical  Theology. 

16.  Christian  Art  and  Architecture. 

17.  Catechetics,  Evangelistics,  and  Diaconics. 

18.  Homiletics  and  Sacred  Oratory. 

19.  Pastoral  Theology. 

20.  Liturgies  and  Church  Polity. 

V.    Philosophy. 

21.  History  of  Philosophy  and  one  System. 

22.  Psychology  and  Logic. 

23.  Comparative  Religions. 

24.  Rational  Theism. 


CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL.  55 


STATUTES  GOVERNING 
THE  CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL. 

1.  Courses  of  instruction  by  correspondence  shall  be  offered 
by  the  Faculty  to  Non-Resident  Pastors,  who  wish  to  continue 
their  theological  studies  systematically,  while  in  charge  of  a  par- 
ish. The  aim  is  to  stimulate  systematic  study  among  our  pastors, 
and  to  aid  men  in  becoming  more  efficient  in  the  practical  minis- 
try. 

2.  Non-Resident  Pastors  and  Students  desiring  to  take  up 
such  systematic  study  shall  be  arranged  under  four  classes: 

Class  I. — Those  special  cases  in  which  students  have  been 
ordained  before  graduation  at  a  Theological  Seminary,  and  who 
now  are  desirous  of  continuing  their  studies  and  of  passing  Exam- 
ination in  all  the  subjects  for  regular  graduation  in  our  Seminary; 

Class  H. — Those  who  being  regular  graduates  of  this  Semi- 
nary, or  of  a  Seminary  of  acknowledged  standing,  wish  to  take  up 
such  studies  as  shall  lead  to  the  degree  of  B.  D.; 

Class  III. — Those  who  having  received  the  degree  of  B.  D. 
from  this  Seminary,  or  from  another  Seminary  of  acknowledged 
standing,  wish  to  take  up  such  studies  as  may  lead  to  a  higher 
degree; 

Class  IV. — Those  pastors  who  wish  to  take  up  systematic 
study  without  reference  to  any  degree. 

3.  Pastors,  who  wish  to  become  members  of  Class  IV.,  may 
take  up  any  subject  or  subjects,  without  any  conditions,  save 
faithful  work  as  far  as  their  time  permits,  and  periodic  report  of 
work  done. 

4.  No  one  may  be  enrolled  under  Class  II.  and  become  a 
candidate  for  the  degree  of  B.  D.,  until  he  has  given  satisfactory 
evidence  of  being  a  regular  graduate  of  a  Seminary  of  acknowl- 
edged standing,  requiring  a  knowledge  of  Hebrew,  Greek  and 
Latin;  or  has  passed  examination  in  all  the  subjects  required  for 
graduation  as  offered  to  the  students  under  Class  I. 

5.  No  one  may  take  up  the  work  of  Class  III.  and  become  a 
candidate  for  a  higher  degree,  unless  he  has  passed  examination 
in  all  the  subjects  required  for  the  degree  of  B.  D.  as  offered  to 
Non-Resident  Pastors  of  Class  II. 

6.  As  the  aim  of  this  Correspondence  School  is  to  aid  studi- 
ous pastors  in  preparing  themselves  for  more  efficient'  work  in 
their  ministerial  labors,  and  not  to  confer  degrees, — the  statutes 
governing  these  courses  will  be  rigidly  enforced. 

7.  Beginning  Jan.  1,  1900,  each  student  becoming  a  member 
of  the  Correspondence  School  will  be  expected  to  pay  the  nominal 
sum  of  one  dollar  per  year,  to  cover  postage  and  incidental 
expenses,  which  sum,  however,  will  also  include  the  subscription 
to  the  Record. 


56  STUDENT'S   HANDBOOK. 

8.  The  Examination  in  the  Courses  for  Non-Resident  Pas- 
tors shall  be  in  all  cases  in  writing.  It  shall  consist  in  notes, 
written  answers  to  examination  questions  drawn  up  by  the  student 
himself,  criticisms,  and  written  reviews,  based  on  the  books 
studied.  All  such  work  will  be  examined  by  the  Faculty  and 
graded  according  to  its  merits,  and  if  satisfactory,  the  student  will 
be  graduated  in  the  respective  subjects  offered. 

9.  It  must  be  clearly  understood  that  we  do  not  endorse  all 
the  views  and  positions  taken,  or  methods  advocated,  by  some  of 
the  authors  of  the  books  here  recommended,  but  they  are  probably 
the  best  works  in  English  on  these  various  subjects.  However 
rich  Lutheran  Theology  may  be  in  the  sciences  of  Catechetics, 
Diaconics,  Pastoral  Theology,  Liturgies,  and  Church  Polity,  we 
have  as  yet  no  books  in  the  English  language  which  cover  these 
disciplines  completely  from  a  Lutheran  standpoint.  The  object 
in  writing  a  criticism  of  a  book  is  to  call  attention  to  the  peculiar 
views  advocated  by  an  author. 

Class  I. 

10.  To  graduate  in  Class  J,  including  all  those  who  have 
been  ordained  before  graduation  at  a  Theological  Seminary,  the 
student  must  study  and  satisfactorily  pass  examination  in  the 
text-books  assigned  in  the  sixteen  regular  courses  as  required  of 
students  in  residence  at  our  Seminary,  and  the  following  addi- 
tional books  in  each  course  as  here  given: 

I.  Theological  Encyclopaedia. 
Add 

1.    Schaff,   Theological  Propaedeutic.     (Scribner.) 

II.  New  Testament  Greek  Junior, 

Same  as  regular  course. 

III.  Hebrew  Junior  Course. 

Instead  of  Gen.  I. -XVI.,  the  whole  of  Genesis  must  be 
offered. 
Add  also  for  review: 

1.  Davidson,  Introductory  Hebrew  Grammar.     (Clark.) 

2.  Spurrell,    Notes  on  the  Hebrew    Text    of    Genesis. 

(Clark.) 

IV.  English  Old  Testament. 
Add 

1.  Illustrated  Bible  Treasury.     (Nelson.) 

2.  Smith,  Ancient  History  of  the  East.     (Harper.) 

3.  Nicol,  Recent  Explorations  in  Bible  Lands.     (Funk  & 

Wagnalls.) 

V.  English  New  Testament. 
Add 

1.  Illustrated  Bible  Treasury.     (N.  T.  Part.)     (Nelson.) 

2.  Farrar,  Messages  of  the  Books.     (Dutton. ) 

VI.  Elocution  and  Rhetoric. 
Add 

1.     Hill,  A.  S.,  Principles  of  Rhetoric.     (Harper.) 


CORRESPONDENCE    SCHOOL.  57 

2.  Burrell,  Clear  Speaking  and  Good  Reading .     (Long- 

man's.) 

3.  Storrs,  Preaching  Without  Notes.     (Dodd.) 

4.  Sheppard,  Before  an  Audience.     (Funk  &  Wagnalls.) 
For  those   seeking  to  become  proficient  in  the  use  of  the 

English  language  add  also 

5.  Meiklejohn,  The  English  Language. 

6.  Nesfield,    Errors  in  English    Composition.      (Mac- 

millan.) 

VII.  Church  History. 
Add 

1.  Carroll,    Religious    Forces    of   the    United   States. 

(Scribner.) 

2.  Moncrief,  A  Short  History  of  the   Christian  Church. 

(Revell.) 

VIII.  Catechetics  and  Pedagogics. 
Add 

1.  Van  Oosterzee,  Practical  Theology,  pp.  448-516. 

2.  Compayre\  History  of  Pedagogy. 

3.  Seeley,  History  of  Education. 

4.  Trumbull,  Teaching  and  Teachers. 

IX.  Evangelistics,  Diaconics,  Sociology. 
Add 

1.  Graham,  Missionary  Expansion  Since  the  Reforma- 

tion. 

2.  Mason,  Lux  Christi. 

3.  Hodgkins,   Via  Christi. 

4.  Stevenson,  Praying  and  Working, 

5.  Sutter,  Colony  of  Mercy. 

6.  Giddings,  Descriptive  and  Historical  Sociology. 

7.  Wright,  Practical  Sociology. 

X.  Greek  Exegesis. 
Add 

1.     Ellicott,  The  Pastoral  Epistles. 

XI.  Hebrew  Exegesis. 

Add  the  whole  of  Genesis  with  a  good  commentary,  one  book 
of  the  Psalms  and  Isaiah  40-66. 

XII.  Apologetics^  Moral  Science,  Christian  Ethics. 
Add  a  careful  study  of 

1.  Christlieb,  Modern  Doubt  and  Christian  Belief. 

2.  Stearns,  The  Evidence  of  Christian  Experience. 

XIII.  Dogmatics. 
Add 

1.  Maclear,  An  Introduction  to  the  Creeds. 

2.  Jacobs,  A  Summary  of  the  Christian  Faith. 

3.  Martensen,  Dogmatics. 

XIV.  Symbolics  and  History  of  Dogmas. 
Add 

1.     Seeberg,  History  of  Christian  Doctrine. 


58  student's  handbook. 

XV.  Homiletics. 
Add 

i.  Kerr,  History  of  Preaching. 

2.  Burrell,  Clear  Sneaking  and  Good  Heading. 

3.  Storrs,  Preaching  Without  Notes. 

4.  Sheppard,  Before  an  Audience. 

5.  Hill,  A.  S.,  Principles  of  Rhetoric. 

XVI.  Pastoral  Theology,  Liturgies,  Church  Polity, 
Add 

1.  Schenck,  Modern  Practical  Theology. 

2.  Lutheran  Liturgical  Association,  Memoirs. 

XVII.  Apologetics  and  Comparative  Religions. 
Add 

1.     Ebrard,  Christian  Apologetics.     (Three  Volumes.) 

XVIII.  History  of  Philosophy  and  One  System. 
Add 

1.  Zeller,   The  Greek  Philosophy. 

2.  Falckenberg,  The  History  of  Modern  Philosophy. 

3.  Bowen,  Modern  Philosophy. 

4.  Krauth,  Berkeley  s  Principles  of  Knowledge. 

5.  Two  works  of  author  studies. 

XIX.  Hebrew  Exegesis. 

Read  with  the  aid  of  a  good  critical  commentary  the  follow- 
ing: 

1.  Deuteronomy. 

2.  One  book  of  the  Psalms. 

3.  Isaiah  40-66. 

4.  Daniel. 

XX.  Greek  Exegesis. 
Read 

1.  Mark  with  Swete's  Commentary. 

2.  John  with  Godet's  Commentary. 

3.  I.  Corinthians. 

4.  Hebrews  with  Delitzsch's  Commentary. 

5.  The  Pastoral  Epistles  with  Ellicott's  Commentary. 

11.  By  special  arrangement  Non-Resident  Pastors  may  sub- 
stitute for  the  books  required  for  graduation  in  these  sixteen 
courses  any  works  in  their  libraries,  in  English,  German,  or  in  the 
Scandinavian  languages,  covering  the  same  topics,  and  of  equal 
scholarship. 

12.  Non-Resident  Pastors  graduating  in  these  sixteen  courses 
will  be  allowed  to  take  up  the  courses  offered  to  Post-Graduate 
students  under  Class  II,  and  will  receive  proper  credit  on  each 
course  selected  for  work  already  done.  If  such  pastors,  however, 
wish  to  receive  a  diploma  of  regular  graduation  in  this  Seminary 
they  must  spend  at  least  five  months  in  residence,  and,  as  a  rule, 
this  residence  must  be  during  the  period  preceding  their  gradu- 
ation. 


CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL.  59 


Class  II. 


13.  Graduation  in  eight  of  the  twenty-four  courses  offered  to 
Non-Resident  Post-Graduates  shall  lead  to  the  degree  of  Bacca- 
laureus  Divinitatis  (B.  D.).  One  course  must  be  taken  from 
each  of  the  five  departments  (Exegetical,  Historical,  Systematic, 
Practical,  Philosophical),  and  three  are  elective. 

14.  No  one  can  take  up  any  of  the  courses  belonging  to  the 
four  Theological  Departments  unless  he  first  reviews  the  corre- 
sponding course  as  required  of  students  under  Class  I. 

15.  To  graduate  in  each  course  respectively,  the  student  is 
required  to  read  and  carefully  review  the  works  assigned,  and  give 
satisfactory  evidence  by  written  criticisms  or  reviews  that  he  has 
done  so.  As  far  as  possible  the  student  is  allowed  to  substitute, 
by  special  arrangement,  any  books  in  his  own  library,  covering  the 
same  subjects,  and  of  equal  scholarship. 

16.  Specimen  Post-Graduate  Courses. 

Each  course  will  consist  of  two  parts.  The  First  Part  con- 
sists either  of  a  review  of  the  corresponding  course  offered  in  our 
Seminary,  and  to  students  of  Class  I.,  or  of  the  review  of  some 
standard  works.  The  Second  Part  then  carries  the  course  of 
Studies  more  into  the  details  of  the  science. 

The  aim  is  to  give  all  the  courses  in  English,  but  this  is 
impossible  from  a  Lutheran,  or  even  at  times  from  a  theological, 
standpoint. 

In  the  most  important  topics  we  have  also  given  alternate 
courses  in  German,  which  we  advise  all  students  who  can  read 
German  to  select  in  preference  to  the  English  Course. 

We  have  tried  to  recommend  the  best  works  in  each  subject 
covering  the  aim  in  view,  and  we  would  be  glad  to  receive  sug- 
gestions for  improvement  from  specialists  in  each  department. 
The  courses  are  tentative,  and  substitution  for  individual  works 
can  readily  be  made. 

It  must  be  definitely  understood  that  we  do  not  endorse  many 
of  the  views  held  by  these  different  writers.  Those  who  take  these 
courses  are  expected  to  be  grounded  in  the  faith,  and  to  have 
judgment  to  discern  between  truth  and  error. 

Class  11. 
I.     Theological  Encyclopedia. 

Part  I.     The  work  assigned  in  Course  I.     Theological  Encyclom 

pcedia  under  Class  I. 
Part  II. 

a)  Course  in  German. 
Text  Books. 

Zoeckler,    Handbuch    der    Theol.     Wissenschaften, 
4  Vols. 

b)  Course  hi  English. 

1.  Angus-Green,  The  Cyclopedic  Handbook  of  the  Bible. 

2.  Smith,  Geo.  Adam,  The  Historical  Geography  of  the 

Holy  Land. 


60  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

3.  Stanley,  Sinai  and  Palestine. 

4.  Schmauk,  The  Higher  Criticism. 

5.  Zenos,  The  Elements  of  the  Higher  Criticism. 

6.  Hammond,  Textual  Criticism  of  the  New  Testament. 

7.  Rawlinson,     The    Five    Ancient    Monarchies  of  the 

Eastern  World. 

8.  Weidner,  Biblical  Theology  of  the  O.  T. 

9.  Weidner,  Biblical  Theology  of  the  N.  T.,2  Vols. 

10.  Moncrief ,  History  of  the  Christian  Church. 

11.  Smith,  Ph.,  Students*  Ecclesiastical  History,  2  Vols. 

12.  Weidner,  Introduction  to  Dogmatic  Theology. 

13.  Weidner,  Christian  Ethics. 

14.  Blomgren,  The  Elements  of  the  Christian  Religion. 

15.  Christlieb,  Modern  Doubt  and  Christian  Belief. 

16.  Gumlich,  Christian  Creeds  and  Confessions. 

17.  Whitteker,  Augsburg  Confession,  with  Notes. 

18.  Graul,  Distinctive  Doctrines. 

19.  Stewart ,  Handbook  of  Christian  Evidences. 

20.  Smith,  The  History  of  Christian  Missions. 

21.  Adams,  The  Missionary  Pastor. 

22.  Sutter,  A  Colony  of  Mercy. 

23.  Grant,  The  Religions  of  the  World. 

24.  Fry,  Elementary  Homiletics. 

25.  Schenck,  Modern  Practical  Theology. 

26.  Wilson,  Sacra  Private. 

II.  Hebrew  and  Old  Testament  Exegesis. 

Part  I.     The  work  assigned  for  Courses  III.   and  XI.  under 

Class  I. 
Part  II 

1.  The  Reading  and  Translation  of  the  whole  Hebrew 

Bible  with  diligent  use  of  Grammar  and  Lexicon. 

2.  Lange,  Genesis  ($3.00);  or 

Pulpit  Commentary  on  Genesis  ($1.50). 

3.  Lange,  Deuteronomy  ($3.00);  or 

Pulpit  Commentary  on  Deuteronomy  ($1.50). 
For  2  and  3  Keil  and  Delitzsch  on  Pentateuch  (3  vols.,  $6.75) 
may  be  substituted. 

4.  Lange-Zoeckler,  fob.    #3.00. 

5.  Lange-Naegelsbach.     Isaiah.     $3.00. 

6.  Cheyne,  Prophecies  of  Isaiah.     $3.00. 

7.  Lange-Zoeckler.    Daniel  ($3.00);  or 

Keil,  Daniel.     $2.25. 

8.  Lange,  Minor  Prophets.     $3.00. 

By  special  arrangement  other  books  of  equal  importance,  or 
other  Commentaries  of  equal  scholarship,  may  be  substituted. 

III.  Greek  and  New  Testament  Exegesis. 

Part  I.    The  work  assigned  for  Courses  II.  and  X.  under  Class  I. 
Part  II. 

1.     Meyer,  Matthew  or  Luke  ($2.00);  or 

Morison,  Matthew  ($3.00);  or 

Godet,  Luke  ($2.00). 


CORRESPONDENCE    SCHOOL.  61 

a.  Godet,  St.  John  (2  vols.,  $4.00);  or 
Luthardt,  St.  John  (3  vols.,  $6.75). 

3.  Lightfoot,  Galatians.     $1.25. 

4.  Ellicott,  1  Corinthians.     $2.50. 

5.  Philippi,  Romans.     2  vols.,  $4.50. 

6.  Lightfoot,  Colossians.     $2.50. 

7.  Lightfoot,  Philfypians.     $2.50. 

8.  Delitzsch,  Hebrews.     2  vols.,  $4.50. 

9.  Weidner,  Revelation,    $2.00. 

IV.     English  Bible. 
Part  I. 

1.  Revised  Bible ,  with  Reference.     $1.25. 

2.  Toxical  Text  Book.     (Revell.)     $0.40. 

3.  Weidner,  Studies  in  the  Book.     4  vols.,  $2.00. 

4.  Elliott,  Suggestive  Teaching  Outlines.    $0.50. 

Part  II. 

1.  Bible  Commentary  (Scribner,  10  vols.,  $15.00);  or 

Ellicott,    Commentary  for   English  Readers.     (8 
vols.,  $12.00.) 

2.  Lutheran  Commentary  on  New  Testament.   (12  vols., 

$18.00.) 
On  the  Old  Testament  either  the  Bible  Commentary  or  Elli- 
cott must  be  carefully  read.  On  the  New  Testament  we  would 
Suggest  that  the  Lutheran  Commentary  be  substituted,  but  thq 
Student  can  select  for  himself  any  one  of  the  three,  or  any  other 
Commentary  on  the  N.  T.  of  equal  importance,  like  the  Cambridge 
Bible  for  Schools  and  Colleges. 

V.     Introduction,  Higher  and  Textual  Criticism. 

Part  I. 

1.  Zenos,  Elements  of  the  Higher  Criticism.     $1.00. 

2.  Cambridge  Companion  to  the  Bible,     $1.50. 

3.  Westcott,  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Gosfels. 

$2.00. 

4.  Orr,  The  Problem  of  the  O.  T. 

5.  Gregory,  The  Canon  and  the  Text  of  the  O.  T. 

6.  Warfield,  Textual  Criticism  of  the  N.  T.     $0.75. 

Part  II. 

1.  Raven,  Introduction  to  the  O.  T. 

2.  Driver,  Literature  of  the  O.  T.     $2.50. 

3.  Briggs,  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  the  Scriptures. 

$3.00. 

4.  Robertson,  Early  Religion  of  Israel.    2  vols.,  $2.00. 

5.  Green,  Introduction  to  the  Old  Testament.     $1.50. 

6.  Green,  Higher  Criticism  of  the  Pentateuch.     $1.50. 

7.  Bartlett,  Veracity  of  the  Hexateuch.     $1.50. 

8.  Salmon,  Introduction  to  the  N.  T.     $3.00. 

9.  Weiss,  Introduction  to  the  N,  T.     2  vols. ,  $4.00. 

10.  Westcott,  Canon  of  the  AT.  T.     $3.00. 

11.  Yfestcott-Hort, Introduction  to  Greek  Testament.  $2.00. 


62  student's  handbook. 

VI.  Church  History  and  Christian  Archceology. 

Part  I.  The  work  assigned  in  Course  VII.,  under  Class  I.,  but 
add 

i.  Bennett,  Christian  Archceology.     $3.50. 

2.  Fisher,  History  of  the  Christian  Church. 
Part  II. 

1.  Schaff,  History  of  the   Christian  Church.     8  vols., 

$24.00. 

2.  Moeller,  The  Middle  Ages.     ($3.00);  or 

Hardwick,  The  Middle  Ages.     $2.25. 

VII.  Special  Periods  of  Church  History. 

Part  I.     The  work  assigned  for  Part  I.  under  last  Course  (VI.). 
Part  II.    A  selection  may  be  made  of  one  of  the  following  five 
periods  of  Church  History: 

a)  The  Apostolic  Age. 

1.  Farrar,  Life  of  Christ.     ($1.50);  or 

Geike,  Life  of  Christ.     ($1.50);  or 
Edersheim,  Life  and  Times  of  Jesus  the  Messiah. 
(2  vols.,  $2.00);  or 
Andrews,  Life  of  Our  Lord.    $2.50. 

2.  Conybeare-Howson,    Life    and    Epistles    of    Paul. 

($1.50);  or 

Farrar,  Life  and  Work  of  Paul.     ($1.50);  or 

Lewin,  Life  and  Epistles  of  Paul.     (2  vols.,  $9.00.) 

3.  Farrar,  Early  Days  of  Christianity.     $1.50. 

4.  Schaff,    Church  History,    V  ol.   I.    Apostolic    Chris 

tianity.     4.00. 

5.  Schuerer,  History  of  the  Jewish  People.  5  vols.,  (8  00 

6.  Ramsay,  St.  Paul,  the  Traveler.     $3.00. 

7.  Neander,   Planting  and  Training  of  the  Christian 

Church.     $2.00. 

8.  Ramsay,  The   Church  in  the  Roman  Empire  before 

A.  D.  ijo. 

b)  The  Ante-Nicene  Period. 

1.  Burns,  First  Three  Christian  Centuries.     $1.25. 

2.  Lightfoot,  Apostolic  Fathers.     $4.00. 

3.  Eusebius,  Church  History.     $1.50. 

4.  Krueger,    History  of  Early    Christian    Literature. 

$2.00. 

5.  Schaff,  Church  History.    Vol.  II.    Ante-Nicene  Chris- 

tianity.    $4.00. 

6.  Cruttwell,  Literary  History  of  Early  Christianity. 

2  vols.,  $6.00. 

7.  Ramsay,  The  Church  in  the  Roman  Empire  Before 

A.  D.  170.     $3.00. 

8.  Uhlhorn,  Conflict  of  Christianity  with  Heathenism. 

$2.00. 

9.  Lechler,  Apostolic  and  Post-Apostolic  Times. 

c)  Nicene  and  Post-Nicene  Period. 

1.     Cheetham,  History  of  the  Christian  Church  During 
First  Six  Centuries.    $3.00. 


CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL.  63 


a.     Moeller,  History  of  the   Christian    Church.     Vol.  I. 
A.  D.  1-600.     $3.00. 

3.  Schaff,  Church  History.     Vol.  III.     Nicene  and  Post- 

Nicene  Christianity.     $4.00. 

4.  Stanley,  History  of  the  Eastern  Church.     $2.00. 

5.  Newman,  The  Arians  of  the  Fourth  Century.     $1.50. 

6.  Fulton,  Index  Canonum.     $3.00. 

7.  Church  Club  Lectures,   The  Six   (Ecumenical  Coun- 

cils;  etc.     $0.50. 

8.  Socrates,  Ecclesiastical  History.     $1.50. 

9.  Theodoret  and  Evagrius,  History  of  the  Church.     (A. 

D.  332-544.)     $1.50. 

d)  The  Period  of  the  Reformation. 

1.  Bryce,  The  Holy  Roman  Empire.     $1.00. 

2.  Seebohm,    The  Era  of  the    Protestant   Revolution. 

$1.00. 

3.  Haeusser,  The  Period  of  the  Reformation.     $1.25. 

4.  Fisher,  The  Reformation.     $2.50. 

5.  Schaff,  The  German  Reformation  (Vol.  VI.)     $4.00. 

6.  Schaff,  The  Szviss  Reformation  (Vol.  VII.)    $4.00. 

7.  Krauth,  Conservative  Reformation.     $3.00. 

8.  Seiss,  Luther  and  the  Reformation.     $1.25. 

9.  Koestlin,  Martin  Luther.     $2.50. 

10.  Jacobs,  Martin  Luther.     $1.50. 

11.  Richard,  Philifi  Melanchthon.    $1.50. 

12.  Hardwick,  History  of  the  Christian  Church  During 

the  Reformation.     $2.25. 

e)  Modern  Church  History. 

1.  Fisher,  History  of  the  Christian  Church.     $3.50. 

2.  Litchenberger,    History  of  German  Theology  in  the 

Nineteenth  Century.     $5.00. 

3.  Perry,  History  of  the  Church  of  England.     $2.50. 

4.  Lenker,  Lutherans  in  all  Lands.     $3  00. 

5.  American  Church  History  Series.     13  vols.,  $13.00. 

VIII.     Patristics. 

This  course  can  only  be  taken  in  connection  with  Course  VI. , 
or  the  appropriate  selection  under  Course  VII.  Any  one  of  the 
following  Courses  may  be  selected: 

a)  Patrology  in  General. 

1.  Farrar,  Lives  of  the  Fathers.     2  vols.,  $5  00. 

2.  Smith-Wace,    Dictionary  of    Christian  Biography. 

4  vols.,  $18.00. 

3.  Swete,  Patristic  Study. 

In  2  all  the  more  important  biographical  articles  must  be 
read. 

b)  Patrology  in  Particular. 

1.  Donaldson,  The  Apostolic  Fathers.     $2.00. 

2.  Kaye,  fustin  Martyr's  Apology.    $0.40. 

3.  Kaye,  Clement  of  Alexandria.     $0.40. 

4.  Kaye,  Tertullian,  etc.     $0.40. 

5.  Poole,  Cyprian.    $0.60. 


64  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


6.  Reynolds,  Athanasius.     $1.00. 

7.  Smith,  Basil  the  Great.     $0.75. 

8.  Ullmann,  Gregory  of  Nazianzen.     $2.00. 

9.  Stephen,  Saint  Chrysostom.    $3.00. 

10.  Cazenove,  Hilary  of  Poitiers,  etc.     $0.75. 

11.  Thornton,  Saint  Ambrose.     $0.75. 

12.  Cutts,  St.  Jerome.     $0.75. 

13.  Cutts,  Saint  Augustine.     $0.75. 

14.  Barmby,  Gregory  the  Great.     $0.75. 

15.  Lupton,  John  of  Damascus.     $0.75. 

16.  Browne,  The  Venerable  Bede.     $0.75. 

17.  Church,  St.  Anselm.     $1.50. 

18.  Eales,  St.  Bernard.     $1.00. 

19.  Jacobs,  Luther.     $1.50. 

20.  Dyer,  Calvin.    $1.50. 

c)  Patristics  in  Greek. 

1.  Lightfoot,  Apostolic  Fathers.     $4.00. 

2.  Gildersleeve,  Justin   Martyr  and  Epistle  to  Diog- 

netus.     $1.75. 

3.  March,  Athenagoras.  $1.75. 

4.  March,  Eusebius.    $1.75. 

5.  Bright,  Athanasius  Against  the  Arians.     $3.00. 

6.  Bright,  Ecclesiastical  History  of  Socrates.     $2.50. 

7.  Fulton,  Index  Canonum.     Greek  Text.     $2.00. 

8.  Chrysostom,  On  the  Priesthood.     Greek  Text.     $1.00. 
Any  five  of  these  works  may  be  offered,  or  instead: 

Thilo,  Bibliotheca  Patrum    Graecorum   Dogmatica. 

2  vols.,  $5.00. 
Vol.  I.     Athanasius. 
Vol.  II.    Basil  the  Great  and  Gregory  Nazianzen. 

d)  Patristics  in  Latin. 

1.  March,  Tertullian.     $1.75. 

2.  March,  Latin  Hymns.  $1.75. 

3.  Bruder,  Augustini  Confessiones.     $1.00. 

4.  Bruder,    Augustinus  {De  doct.    Christ.    *t  Enchiri- 

dion).    $1.00. 

5.  Hurter,  Sanctorum  Patrum  Opuscula  Selecta. 

Vol.  II.     Tertullian,  Cyprian  and  Thomas  Aquinas 
on  Lords  Prayer.     $0.50. 

6.  Hurter,  Idem. 

Vol.  V.     Ambrose,  Cyprian  and  Tertullian  on  Re- 
pentance.   $0.50. 

7.  Hurter,  Idem. 

Vol.  VI.  Augustine  and  Thomas  Aquinas  on  Faith 
and  the  Creed.     $0.50. 

8.  Hurter,  Idem. 

Vol.    IX.     Tertullian    and    Vincentius  Lirinensis 
Against  Heresy.     $0.50. 

9.  Hurter,  Idem. 

Vol.  XXI.     Cy^riani  Epistolae  Selectae.     $0.50. 
10.     Hurter,  Idem. 

Vol.  XXVIII.     Anselmi  Monologium.    $0.50. 


CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL.  65 

ii.     Anselm,  Cur  Deus  Homo.     $1.00. 

12.     Bright,  Anti-Pelagian  Treatises  of  Augustine.  $3.00. 
Numbers  1,  2,  3,  4,  11,  12,  must  be  offered,  and  any  three  of 
the  texts  edited  by  Hurter. 

e)    Patristics  in  English  (Ante-Nicene  Period). 

1.  The  Apostolic  Fathers. 

2.  Justin   Martyr,  Apologies,   and    his    Dii  ipgue  with 

Trypho. 

3.  Irenaeus,  Against  Heresies. 

4.  Athengoras,  Plea  for  the  Christians. 

5.  Clement  of  Alexandria,  The  Instructor. 

6.  Tertullian,  Afologetic  Works. 

7.  Cyprian,  Epistles  and  Twelve  Treatisei, 

8.  Lactantius,  The  Divine  Institutes, 

9.  The  Teaching  of  the  Twelve  Apostles. 

10.  Constitutions  of  the  Holy  Apostles. 

11.  Th*  Early  Liturgies. 

12.  The  Afocrypha  of  the  New  Testament. 

13.  The  Diatessaron  of  Tatian. 

14.  The  Apology  of  Aristides. 

15.  Origen,  Commentary  on  Gospel  of  John. 

16.  Origen,  Against  Celsus. 

17.  The  Pastor  of  Her  mas. 

All  these  works  are  found  in  the  edition  of  the  Ante-Nicene 
Fathers,  published  by  Scribner,  and  cover  about  three  volumes 
of  the  ten.     Price  of  ten  vols.,  $20.00. 

/)     Patristics  in  English  {Later  Greek  Fathers). 

1.  Eusebius,  Church  History  and  Life  of  Constantine. 

Vol.   I.  of  the   Second  Series  of  Nicene  and  Post- 
Nicene  Fathers.     $4.00. 

2.  Athanasius,  Select  Works  and  Letters. 

Vol.  IV.  of  same  Series.    $4.00. 

3.  Basil,  Letters  and  Select  Works. 

Vol.  VIII.  of  same  Series.    $4.00. 

4.  Gregory  of  Nyssa,  Select  Writings  and  Letters. 

Vol.  V.  of  same  Series.     $4.00. 

5.  Cyril,  Catechetical  Lectures. 

In  Vol.  VII.  of  same  Series.     $4.00. 

6.  Gregory  Nazianzen,  Select  Orations  and  Letters. 

In  Vol.  VII.  of  same  Series.     $4.00. 

7.  Chrysostom,  On  the  Priesthood  and  Select  Works. 

Vol.  IX.  of  First  Series.    $4.00. 

8.  Gregory  the  Great,  Pastoral  Rule  and  Select  Letters. 

In  Vol.  XII.  of  Second  Series.     $4.00. 

Numbers  2  and  7  will  be  required,  and  a  selection  of  two 
others. 

g)     Patristics  in  English  (Later  Latin  Fathers). 
1.    Ambrose,  Select  Works  and  Letters. 

Vol.  X.  of  Second  Series  of  Nicene  and  Post-Nicene 
Fathers.     $4.00. 


66  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

2.  Jerome,  Letters  and  Lives  of  Illustrious  Men. 

In  Vols.  VI.  and  III.  of  same  Series.     $4.00  each. 

3.  Augustine,  Confessions  and  Letters. 

Vol.  I.  of  First  Series  of  Nicene  and  Post-Nicene 
Fathers.     $4.00. 

4.  Augustine,  City  of  God  and  Christian  Doctrine. 

Vol.  II.  of  same  Series.     $4.00. 

5.  Augustine,    On    the    Holy    Trinity.     Doctrinal  and 

Moral  Treatises. 

Vol.  III.  of  same  Series.    $4.00. 

6.  Augustine,  Anti- Pelagian  Writings. 

Vol.  V.  of  same  Series.     $4.00. 

7.  Augustine,   Sermon  on  the  Mount.     Harmony  of  the 

Gosfels  and  Homilies  on  the  Gospels. 
Vol.  VI.  of  same  Series.     $4.00. 
Any  three  numbers  may  be  selected,    including,  however, 
Ambrose. 

h)     Lutheran  Palristics  {German). 

1.  Gerlach,  Luther's   Werke  (Auswahl).     6  vols.     $5.00. 

2.  Luther's  Deutsche  Werke.    Erlangen  edition.    68  vols. 

$25.00. 

3.  Koethe,  Melanchthon's  Werke.     6  vols,  in  3.     $3.00. 
Either  1  or  an  appropriate  selection  from  2,  and  the  whole  of 

3  must  be  offered, 

i)     Lutheran  Patristics  (Latin). 

1.  Mueller,  Concordia  Pia.     $3.00. 

2.  Kolde,  Melanchthon's  Loci  Communes .     $1.25. 

3.  Chemnitz,  Examen  Concilii  Tridentini.     $4.00. 

4.  Chemnitz,  Loci  Theologici.     $6.00. 

IX.     Symbolics  and  Confessions. 

Part  I.  The  work  assigned  in  Course  XIV.  under  Class  I. 
Part  II. 

1.  Maclear,  Introduction  to  the  Creeds.     $0.60. 

2.  Maclear  and  Williams,  Introduction  to  the  Articles  of 

the  Church  of  England.     $2.50. 

3.  Swete,  The  Apostles'  Creed.     $1.25. 

4.  Schaff,  Creeds  of  Christendom.     3  vols.     $12.00. 

5.  Jacobs,  Lutheran  Movement  in  England.     $1.50. 

6.  Littledale,  Plain  Reasons  Against  Joining  the  Church 

of  Rome.     $0.50. 

7.  Moehler,  Symbolism  (Rom.  Cath.)  $2.50. 

X.     History  of  Dogmas. 
Part  I. 

1.  Kurtz,  Church  History.     3  vols.    $6.00. 

2.  Seeberg,  History  of  Christian  Doctrine.     $2.50. 

3.  Neander,  History  of  Christian  Dogmas.  2  vols.  $3.00. 
Part  II. 

Either  one  of  the  following  three  courses  may  be  selected: 
a)     General  History  of  Doctrines. 

I.     Hagenbach  (Smith),    History  of  Doctrines  (2   vols. 
$5.00);  or 


CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL.  67 

Hagenbach  (Plumptre),    History  of  Doctrines.     3 
vols.     $6.75. 
a.     Shedd,  History  of  Christian  Doctrine  (2  vols. ,  $5. 00) ;  or 
Sheldon,   History  of  Christian  Doctrine.     2  vols. 

3.  Rainy,  Development  of  Christian  Doctrine.     $3.00. 

4.  Percival,  Digest  of  Theology.     $2.50. 

5.  Harnack,  Outlines  of  'the  History  of  Dogma.     $2.50. 

6.  Tulloch,  Religious  Thought  in  Britain  During  the 

Nineteenth  Century.     $1.25. 

7.  Lichtenberg,    German    Theology   in    the    Nineteenth 

Century.     $5.00. 

b)  Special  History  of  Doctrines. 

1.  Crippen,  Introduction  to  the   History   of  Doctrine. 

$2.25. 

2.  Liddon,  Our  Lords  Divinity.     $2.00. 

3.  Bruce,  The  Humiliation  of  Christ,     $2.50. 

4.  F airbairn,  The  Place  of  Christ  in  Theology.    $2.50. 

5.  Koestlin,  The  Theology  of  Luther.    2  vols.     $3.50. 

6.  Church,  The  Oxford  Movement.     $1.50. 

7.  Orr,  The  Ritschlian  Theology,     $0.75. 

8.  Stellhorn-Schmidt,  The   Error  of  Modern  Missouri. 

$2.00. 

9.  Dorner,  Doctrine  of  the  Person   of   Christ.     5  vols, 

$12.00. 

10.  Scott,  The  Nicene  Theology.     $2.00. 

11.  Pusey,  Doctrine  of  the  Real  Presence  as  Contained  in 

the  Fathers.     $2. 00 . 

c)  History  of  Dogmas  (in  German). 

1.  Harnoch,  Wegzveiser  in  der  Kirchen — und  Dogmen- 

geschichte.     $1.25. 

2.  Loof  s,  Leitfaden  zum  Studium  der  Dogmengeschichte. 

$1-50; 

3.  Thomasius,  Christ.  Dogmengeschichte.  2  vols.    $5.00. 

4.  Frank,  Theologie  d.  C oncordienformel.    4  vols.    $4. 00 . 

5.  Hagenbach,  Lehrbueh  der  Dogmengeschichte  ($3.50); 

or 
Schmid,  Lehrbueh  der  Dogmengeschichte.     $2.50. 

6.  Frank,    Geschichte   und  Kritik  der  neu.      Theologie, 

$2.00. 


XI.     Apologetics. 


Part  I. 


1.  Stewart,  Handbook  of  Christian  Evidences.     $0.40. 

2.  Liddon,  Some  Elements  of  Religion.     $1.00. 

3.  Christlieb,    Modern    Doubt    and    Christian    Belief. 

$3-oo. 


Part  II. 


1.  Fisher,  Grounds  of  Theistic  and  Christian  Belief 

$2.50. 

2.  Rogers,  Superhuman  Origin  of  the  Bible.     $2.00. 

3.  Valentine,  Natural  Theology.    $1.25. 


68  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

4.  Stearns,  The  Evidence  of  Christian  Experience.  $2.00. 

5.  Harrison,  Problems  of  Christianity  and  Scepticism. 

$2.00. 

6.  Flint,  Theism.     $1.50. 

7.  Luthardt,  Fundame ntal  Truths  of  Christianity.  $2 .  00 , 

8.  Luthardt,  Saving-  Truths  of  Christianity.     $2.00. 

9.  Luthardt,  Moral  Truths  of  Christianity.     $2.00. 

10.  Ebrard,  Christian  Apologetics.     3  vols.     $6.75. 

11.  Brace,  Gesta  Christi.    $1.50. 

XII.     Moral  Philosophy  and  Christian  Ethics. 

Part  I. 

1.  Hickok,  Moral  Science.     $1.10. 

2.  Muirhead,  Elements  of  Ethics.     $1.00. 

3.  Weidner,  Christian  Ethics.     $2.50. 

Part  II. 

Either  one  of  the  two  following  Courses  may  be  offered: 
a)     In  English. 

1 .  Porter,  Elements  of  Moral  Science .     $3 .  00 . 

2.  Mackenzie,  Manual  of  Ethics.     $1.50. 

3.  Fleming,  Moral  Philosophy.     $2.00. 

4.  Sidgwick,  History  of  Ethics.     $1 .  25 . 

5.  Aristotle,  Ethics.    $1.50. 

6.  Plato,  Republic.     $1.00. 

7.  Wuttke,  Christian  Ethics.     2  vols.     $3.50. 

8.  Harless,  Christian  Ethics.     $2 .  25 . 

9.  Dorner,  Christian  Ethics.     $3.00. 

10.  Luthardt,  History  of  Christian  Ethics .     $3.00. 

11.  Sartorius,  Doctrine  of  Divine  Love .     $2.25. 
c)    In  German. 

1.  Vilmar,  Theol.  Moral.     2  vols.     $3.00. 

2.  Luthardt,  Komp.  der  Theol.  Ethik.     $2.50. 

3.  Wuttke,  Christ.  Sittenlehre.     2  vols.     $5.00. 

4.  Frank,  System  der  Christ.  Sittlichkeit.    2  vols.   $5.00. 

5.  Culmann,  Die  Christ.  Ethik.     2  vols.     $3.50. 

XIII.     Biblical  Theology. 
Part  I. 

1.  Weidner,  Biblical  Theology  of  0.  T.     $1.50. 

2.  Weidner,  Biblical  Theology  of  N.  T.     2  vols.     $3.00. 

3.  Bennett,  Theology  of  the  O.  T.     $0.75. 

4.  Adeney,  Theology  of  the  N '.  T.     $0.75. 

5.  Beck,  Biblical  Psychology.     $1.50. 

Part  II. 

1.  Oehler,  Theology  of  the  0 .  T.     $3.00. 

2.  Kirkpatrick,  The  Doctrine  of  the  Prophets.     $1.75. 

3.  Delitzsch,  Messianic  Prophecies.     $1.75. 

4.  Orelli,  Old  Testament  Prophecy .     $2.25. 

5.  Delitzsch,  Biblical  Psychology .     $2.25. 

6.  Van  Oosterzee,  Theology  of  N .  T.     $1.50. 


CORRESPONDENCE   SCHOOL.  69 

7.  Lechler,  Apostolic  and  Post-Apostolic  Time.     2  vols. 

$5.00. 

8.  Neander,  Planting-  and   Training  of  the  Christian 

Church.  $3.00. 

XIV.     Dogmatics  (English) . 

Part  I.     The  work  assigned  for  Course  XIII.  under  Class  I. 
Part  II.    Either  of  the  following  Courses  may  be  chosen: 

a)  General. 

1.  Martensen,  Christian  Dogmatics.     $3.00. 

2.  Luthardt,  Fundamental  Truths.     $2.00. 

3.  Luthardt,  Saving  Truths.     $2.00. 

4.  Sartorius,  The  Doctrine  of  Divine  Love .     $3 .  00 . 

5.  Norris  (Ch.  of  Eng.),  Rudiments  of  Theology.    $1.00. 

6.  Pearson  (Ch.  of  Eng.),  On  the  Creed.     $2.50. 

7.  Percival,  Digest  of  Theology .     $2.00. 

8.  Van  Oosterzee  (Dutch   Ref.),    Christian  Dogmatics . 

2  vols.     $5.00. 
g.     Hodge  (Presby.),  Outlines  of  Theology.     $3.00. 

10.  Smith,  H.  B.  (Presby.),   Christian  Theology.     $2.00. 

11.  Stearns  (Cong.),  Present  Day  Theology.    $2.50. 

12.  Strong  (Bapt.),  Systematic  Theology.     $4.00. 

13.  Field  (Meth.),  Christian  Theology.     $1.50. 

b)  Special  Topics. 

1.  Dawson,  The  Origin  of  the  World .     $2.00. 

2.  Freemantle,  The  World  as  the  Subject  of  Redemption. 

$2.00. 

3.  Delitzsch,  Biblical  Psychology.     $2.25. 

4.  Laidlaw,  The  Bible  Doctrine  of  Man.     $2.75. 

5.  Mueller,  Christian  Doctrine  of  Sin.     2  vols.     $4.50. 

6.  Liddon,  Our  Lord  s  Divinity.     $2.00. 

7.  Orr,  Christian  View  of  God  and  the  World  Centering 

in  the  Incarnation.     $3.00. 

8.  Ullmann,  The  Sinlessness  of  Jesus.     $2.00. 

9.  Bruce,  The  Humiliation  of  Christ.     $2.50. 

10.  Steinmeyer,  Passion  and  Resurrection  of  Our  Lord. 

$2.25. 

11.  Smeaton,  Doctrine  of  the  Holy  Spirit.     $3.50 

12.  Dale,  The  Atonement.     $2.00. 

13.  Manly,  Inspiration.     $1.25. 

14.  Salmond,  Christian  Doctrine  of  Immortality.     $5.00. 

15.  Dahle,  Life  After  Death.     $3.00. 

XV.     Dogmatics  (German,  Scandinavian  or  Latin). 

Part  I.   The  work  assigned  for  Course  XIII.  under  Class  I. 
Part  II.  Either  of  the  following  Courses  may  be  chosen  : 
a)     German. 

1.  Luthardt,  Komp.  der  Dogmatik.     $2.00. 

2.  Luthardt,  Die  Christ.  Glaubenslehre.    $3.00. 

3.  Vilmar,  Dogmatik.     2  vols.     $4.00. 


70  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


4.  Thomasius,  Christi  Person  und  Werke.    2  vols.  $5.00. 

5.  Frank,  Christ.  Wahrheit.     2  vols.     $5.00. 

6.  Philippi,  Glaubenslehre.     6  vols.     $12.00. 

b)  Scandinavian. 

1.  Norbeck  (Sw.),  Laerobok  i  Theologien.     $1.00. 

2.  Ullman  (Sw .) ,  Kristelig  Religion  slaer  a.     $1.00. 

3.  Lindberg  (Sw.),  Dogmatic.     $3.00. 

4.  Bring  (Sw.),  Christ.  Troslaera.     $2.50. 

5.  Bjoerling(Sw.),  Den  Christ.  Dogmatiken.  3  vols.  $6.00. 

6.  Krogh-Tonning  (Norw. ),  Den  Christ.  Dogmatiks  Fun- 

damental-leer e.     3  vols.     $5  00. 

7.  Johnson(Norw.),  Grundridsa/t  den.  Syst.  Theol.  $2.50. 

8.  Martensen  (Dan.),  Dogmatik.    $3.00. 

c)  Latin.     Either  one  of  the  following  two  courses  may  be 
selected: 

ad)  1.     Melanchthon.     Loci  Communes  (Kolde).     $1.50. 

2.  Hase,  Hutterus  Redivivus.     $1.50. 

3.  Baier,  Comp.  Theol.  Positives.     $1.00;  or 

Edition  by  Walther,  3  vols.     $7.50. 

4.  Hollaz,  Examen  Theol.  Acromaticum.     $2.50. 
bb)  1.     Hase,  Hutterus  Redivivus.     $1.50. 

2.     Gerhard,  Loci  Theologici.     9  vols.     $15.00. 

XVI.     Christian  Art  and  Architecture. 

Part  I. 

1.  Bennett,  Christian  Archceology.     $3.50. 

2.  Samson,  Elements  of  Art  Criticism.     $1.50. 

3.  Platt-Ruskin,  Art  Culture.    $2.00. 

4.  Clement,  Handbook  of  Christian  Symbols,  Illustrated 

in  Art.     $2.00. 

5.  Hulme,  Symbolism  in  Christian  Art.     $1.25. 

Part  LI. 

1.  Goodyear,  Roman  and  Mediceval  Art.     $1.00. 

2.  Goodyear,  Renaissance  and  Modern  Art.     $1.00. 

3.  Van  Dyke,  History  of  Painting.     $1.50. 

4.  Hamlin,  History  of  Architecture.     $2.00. 

5.  Marquand-Frothingham,  History  of  Sculpture.    $1.50. 

6.  Ruskin,  Stones  of  Venice.     3  vols.    $3.00. 

7.  Ruskin,  Seven  Lamps  of  Architecture.     $1.25. 

8.  Loomis,   Lndex   Guide  to   Travel  and  Art  Study  in 

Europe.     $3.00. 

9.  Meurer,  Der  Kirchenbau  .  .  .  der  lutherischen  Kirche. 

$1.50. 

10.  Jameson,  Sacred  and  Legendary  Art.     2  vols.    $2.50. 

XVII.     Catechetics,  Evangelistics,  Diaconics. 

Part  I.     The  work  assigned  for  Course  IX.  under  Class  I. 
Part  IL.    Either  of  the  following  courses  may  be  selected: 
a)    Ln  English. 

1.  F "itch,  Lectures  on  Teaching.     $1.50. 

2.  Browning,  History  of  Educational  Theories.     $0.50. 


CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL.  71 

3.  Painter,  Luther  on  Education.     $1.00. 

4.  Luther,  Christian  Education.     (Lenker,  vol.  24.) 

5.  Dupanloup,  Ministry  of  Catechising.     $2.00. 

6.  Dennis,    Christian  Missions  and  Social  Progress. 

3  vols.     $7.50. 

7.  Quick,  Educational  Reformers. 

8.  Compayre,  History  of  Pedagogy. 

9.  Wurster,  Was  Ein  Jedermann  von  der  Inneren  Mis- 

sion Wissen  muss. 

10.  Dwight  and  Bliss,  Encyclopedia  of  Missions. 

11.  Freemantle,  The  World  as  the  Subject  of  Redemption. 

12.  Ely,  Social  Aspects  of  Christianity.     $1.00. 

13.  Ross,  Sociology, 
b)  In  German. 

1.  Harnack,  Katechetik  und  Erklaerung  d.  kl.  Katechis- 

mus.     2  vols.     $3.00. 

2.  Von  Zezschwitz,  System  d.  christ.-kirchl.  Katechetik. 

2  vols.     $  10.00. 

3.  Von  Zezschwitz,  Christenlehre  im  Zusammenhang .    3 

vols.     $3.00. 

4.  Warneck,  Die  Mission  in  der  Schule.     fi.oo. 

5.  Warneck-Grundemann,  Mission-Studen.  3  vols.  $5.00. 

6.  Schaefer,  Leitfaden  der  inneren  Mission.     $1.50. 

7.  Wichern,  Die  innere  Mission.     $1.00. 

XVIII.     Homiletics  and  Sacred  Oratory. 

Part  I.  The  work  assigned  for  Course  XV.  under  Class  I. 
Part  II. 

1.  Mathews,  Oratory  and  Orators.     $2.00. 

2.  Kidder,  Treatise  on  Homiletics.     $1.50. 

3.  Bautain,  The  Art  of  Extempore  Speaking.     $1.50. 

4.  Spurgeon,  Lectures  to  My  Students.    2  vols.     $2.00. 

5.  Brastow,  The  Modern  Pulpit. 

6.  Paxton   Hood,    Lamps,    Pitchers  and   Trumpets.     2 

vols,  in  one.     $2.00. 

7.  Paxton  Hood,  The  Throne  of  Eloquence.     $2.00. 

8.  Fisk,  Manual  of  Preaching.     $1.50. 

9.  Phelps,  Theory  of  Preaching.     $2.50. 
10.     Phelps,  Men  and  Books.     $2.00. 

Ii.     Hoppin,  Homiletics.     $3.00. 

12.     Pattison,  The  History  of  Preaching. 

XIX.     Pastoral  Theology. 

Either  of  the  following  courses  may  be  selected,  or  a  propor- 
tionate combination  of  both: 

a)    In  English. 
Part  I. 

1.  Gerberding,  The  Lutheran  Pastor. 

2.  Beck,  Pastoral  Theology  of  N.  T.     $2.00. 

3.  Cuyler,  How  to  be  a  Pastor.     $0.75. 

4.  Nebe,  Luther  as  a  Spiritual  Adviser.     $1.00. 


72 


STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


Part  II. 
2. 

3- 
4- 
5- 
6. 

7- 
8, 

9- 
xo. 
ii. 

12. 

13- 

14. 

b)  In 
Part  I. 

1. 

2. 

3. 
Part  II. 

1. 

2. 

3- 

4- 

5. 

6. 

7- 

8. 

9- 
10. 
11. 

Part  I. 
1. 
2. 
3- 

/'ar/  //. 
1. 
2. 


Bedell,  7%*  Pastor.     $2.00. 

Blaikie,  /far  ^£  Work  of  the  Ministry.     $2.25. 

Bridges,  The  Christian  Ministry .     $1.50. 

Ellerton,  A  Manual  of  Parochial  Work.     $2.00 

Fairbairn,  Pastoral  Theology .     $2.00. 

Hoppin,  Pastoral  Theology.     $2.50. 

Murphy,  Pastoral  Theology .     $3.00. 

Parker,  Ad  Clerum.     $1.00. 

Tyng,  Office  and  Duty  of  a  Christian  Pastor.  $1.25. 

Van  Oosterzee,  Practical  Theology.     $3.50. 

Vinet,  Pastoral  Theology.     $1.50. 

Wilson ,  Sacra  Privata .     $  1 .  00 . 

Andrews,  Devotions.     $1.00. 

Selected  Biographies, 

German . 

Guth,  Pastor  alspieg  el '.     $1.00. 

Vilmar,  Lehrbuch  der  Pastoral   Theologie,     $1.00. 

Walther,  Amer.-luth.  Pastoral  Theologie,     $2.50. 

Dieffenbach-Mueller,  Evang.  Brevier.     $1.50. 
DieHenbach-Muetter,  Evang.  Hirtenbuch.  2 vols.  $2.50, 
Kuebel,  Umriss  der  Pastoral  Theologie ,    $1.00. 
Loehe,  Der  evang .  Geistliche.     $2.00. 
Steinmeyer,  Die  spec.  Seelsorge,  etc,     $1.00. 
Wucherer,  Pastoral  brief  e .     $0.75. 
Zezschwitz,  System  der  $rakt.   Theologie(Seelsorge), 

$5.00. 
Burk,  Sammlungen  zur  Pastoral  Theologie.     $1.50. 
Koestlin,  Die  Lehre  von  der  Seelsorge. 
Achelis,  Practische  Theologie. 
Harnack,  Th.,  Practische  Theologie, 

XX.     Liturgies  and  Church  Polity. 

Horn,  Outlines  of  Liturgies.     $0.50. 

Bennett,  Christian  Archceology .     $3.50. 

Van  Oosterzee,  Practical  Theology  (Liturgies).  $2.50. 

a)  English. 

Jacobs,  Lutheran  Movement  in  England.   $?.oo. 

Proctor,  History  of  the  Book  of  Common  Prayer. 

$3.00. 
Hammond,  Liturgies,  Eastern  and   Western  (First 

Ed.).    $3- 00. 
Neale,  Translation  of  the  Primitive  Liturgies.  $1 .  50 . 
Duffield,  Latin  Hymn  Writers.  $3.00. 
Duffield,  English  Hymns.     $3.00. 
Walker,  Ritual  Reason  Why.    $1.50. 
Wheatley,  Book  of  Common  Prayer.     $1.00. 
Hatch,      Organization     of     the     Early    Christian 

Churches.    $1.50. 


CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL.  73 

io.     Smith  and  Cheetham,  Diet,  of  Christian  Antiquities. 

2  Vols.       $5.00. 

11.     Lutheran  Liturgical  Association,  Memoirs, 
b)  In  German. 

1.  Hering,  Huelfsbuch  zur  Einfuehrung  in  das  liturg. 

Studium.     $2 .  00 . 

2.  Zezschwitz,  System  der  Prakt.  Theologie  {Cxxltuslehxe, 

Kybernetik).     $5.00. 

3.  Alt,  Der  christ.  Cultus.     2  vols.     $2.50. 

4.  Kliefoth,  Liturg.  Abhandlungen.     8  vols.     $12.00. 

5.  Stahl,  Die  Kirchenverfassung,  etc.     $1.50. 

6.  Richter,  Lehrbuch  d.  kathol.  u.  evang.  Kirchenrechts. 

$5.00;  or 
Beck,  Grundriss  d.  gemeinen  Kirchenrechts  nach 
Richter — Dove .     $  1 .  00 . 

7.  Daniel,  Codex  Liturgicus  Ecclesice  Universes.  4  vols. 

$6 . 00 . 

XXI.     History  of  Philosophy  and  One  System . 

Part  I. 

1 .  Haven,  History  of  Philosophy.    $1 .  50 . 

2 .  Weber,  History  of  Philosophy.     $3 .  00 . 

3.  Burt,  History  of  Modern  Philosophy,   2  vols.   $4.00. 
Part  11. 

a)  History. 

1.  Ueberweg,  History  of  Philosophy.     2  vols.     $5.00. 

2.  Windelband,  History  of  Philosophy.     $5.00. 

3.  Falckenberg,  History  of  Modern  Philosophy.     $3.00. 

4.  Bowen,  Modern  Philosophy.     $3.00. 

5.  Farrar,  Critical  History  of  Free  Thought.    $1.50. 

b)  System  of  Philosophy.  Any  one  of  the  following  Systems 
may  be  chosen: 

1)  Plato,  2)  Aristotle,  3)  Cicero,  4)  Augustine,  5)  Thomas 
Aquinas,  6)  Bacon,  7)  Descartes,  8)  Locke,  9)  Berkeley,  10)  Leib- 
nitz, 11)  Kant,  12)  Hegel,  13)  Lotze,  14)  Dugald  Stewart,  15) 
Hamilton,  16)  McCosh,  17)  Ladd,  18)  Bowne. 

XXII.    Psychology  and  Logic. 
Part  I. 

x.  Kuelpe,  Introduction  to  Philosophy.     $1.50. 

2.  Haven,  Mental  Philosophy.    $1.50. 

3.  Sully,  Teacher's  Handbook  of  Psychology.     $1.50. 

4.  Hickok,  Rational  Psychology. 

5.  Ladd,  Outlines  of  Physiological  Psychology,    $2.00. 

6.  J evoni,  Elementary  Lessons  in  Logic.     $0.50. 
Part  II. 

1 .  Bowne,  Theory  of  Thought  and  Knowledge.    $1.75. 

2.  Bowne,  Metaphysics.     $1.75. 

3.  Ladd,    Psychology \   Descriptive    and  Explanatory. 

$4.50. 

4.  Bowen,  Metaphysics  of  William  Hamilton.  $1.50. 


74 


STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


5 
6. 

7 

8. 

g< 

IO. 


Part  I. 

i. 

2. 

3- 

4- 
Part  II. 

5- 
6. 

7- 

8. 

9- 

10. 

ii. 

12. 

«3- 
14- 

15- 

i. 

2 
3- 

/tar*  //.' 

5- 
6. 

7- 

8. 

9- 

10. 


Porter,  The  Human  Intellect.     $5.00. 
Lotze,  Microcosmus .    $6.00. 
Bowen,  A  Treatise  on  Logic.     $1.25. 
Minto,  Logic,  Inductive  and  Deductive. 
Wilson,  Elementary  Treatise  on  Logic. 
Jevons,  The  Principles  of  Science* 

XXIII.     Comparative  Religions, 


$1.25, 
$1.25. 


n. 

12, 
13. 


Grant,  Religions  of  the  World.    $0.40. 
Menzies,  History  of  Religion.    $1 .  50 . 
Hardwick,  Christ  and  Other  Masters.     $2.25. 
Bettany,  The  World s  Religions .     $4.00. 

Clarke,  Ten  Great  Religions.     2  vols.     $4.00. 

Beal,  Buddhism  in  China.    $1.00. 

Berry,  Christianity  and  Buddhism,    $  1 .  00 . 

Davids,  Buddhism.     $1.00. 

Douglas,  Confucianism  and  Taoism ,     $1.00. 

Monier  Williams,  Hinduism.     $1.00. 

Mitchell,  Hinduism,  Past  and  Present.     $1 .50. 

Stobart,  Islam  and  its  Founder,    $1.00. 

Muir,  Cor  an.    $1.00. 

Muir,  Mahomet  and  Islam.     $1.50. 

Murray,  Manual  of  Mythology.    $2.00. 

XXIV.   Rational  Theism, 

Flint,  Theism.     $1.25. 
Hickok,  Creator  and  Creation.    $1.75. 
Bowne,  Studies  in  Theism.     $1.75. 
Valentine,  Natural  Theology,     $1 .  50. 

Bowne,  Philosophy  of  Theism.    $1.75. 

Diman,  The  Theistic  Argument.     $2.00. 

Flint,  Anti- Theistic  Theories,    $4.00. 

Harris,  The  Philosophic  Basis  of  Theism.     $3  50. 

Harris,  The  Self-Revelation  of  God.     $3.50. 

Gillespie,  The  Necessary  Existence  of  God  ($1.50);  or 
Gillespie,  The  Argument  a  Priori  for  the  Being  and 
Attributes  of  God.     $2.00. 

Janet,  Final  Causes.     $2.50. 

Knight,  Aspects  of  Theism .     $2 .  25 . 

Caldecott  and  Mackintosh's  Selections  from  the  Litera- 
ture of  Theism. 


CORRESPONDENCE  SCHOOL.  75 

A  few  explanations  and  suggestions  may  not  be 
out  of  place: 

1.  These  courses  are  not  offered  for  the  sake 
of  making  money,  for  in  many  cases  the  fee  of  $1.00 
yearly  does  not  more  than  simply  cover  the  expense 
of  stationery  and  postage,  nor  is  the  Institution 
anxious  about  conferring  degrees.  It  will  take  about 
four  years  to  graduate  in  eight  courses,  if  regular 
systematic  work  is  done,  but  some  will  naturally 
require  even  a  longer  period. 

2.  For  the  sake  of  justice  to  all  concerned,  our 
experience  has  taught  us,  that  students  must  be 
arranged  under  three  classes.  (See  Rules  and  Regu- 
lations) 

3.  Some  have  found  fault  saying  that  too  much 
work  is  required  for  the  degree  of  B.  D.  If  some 
Institutions  grant  this  degree  on  easier  conditions, 
this  cannot  be  helped.  This  Seminary  by  the  defi- 
nite action  of  its  Board  will  maintain  its  high 
standard  of  requirements  for  graduation  with  a 
Diploma,  and  for  the  degree  of  B.  D.  There  are 
only  three  ways  by  which  the  degree  of  B.  D.  can 
be  attained  from  this  Seminary: 

1)  For  a  graduate  of  this  Seminary,or  any  other 
of  acknowledged  standing,  being  in  residence  one 
year,  and  passing  the  examinations  in  six  required 
courses,  including  Greek  and  Hebrew  Exegesis. 

2)  For  a  regular  graduate  of  this  Seminary  or 
any  other  of  acknowledged  standing, — no  matter 
how  long  in  the  pastorate, — being  in  residence  two 
years,  and  graduating  in  eight  (elective,  not  includ- 
ing Hebrew  and  Greek)  of  the  Post-graduate  Courses. 

3)  According  to  the  Rules  and  Regulations  of 
the  Correspondence  School  for  Post-graduates. 

4.  Under  no  circumstances  will  any  degree  be 
conferred  honoris  causa, 

5.  No  favorable  action  has  been  taken  by  the 
Board  to  offer  any  inducements  to  confer  the  degree 
of  Ph.  DM  or  any  higher  theological  degrees. 

6.  Many  have  been  discouraged  because  they 
have  not  been  able  to  buy  the  books  required.  But 
there  need  be  no  haste  in  completing  a  course,  and 


76  student's  handbook. 

the  books  required  need  not  be  bought  all  at  once. 
In  Hebrew,  Greek,  and  English  Exegesis,  the  best 
plan  is  to  let  the  work  in  each  run  over  three  or 
four  years.  If  a  pastor  has  a  good  library  he  can 
make  a  substitution  for  many  works,  so  that  the 
extra  books  required  in  each  course  need  not  cost 
more  that  #10  or  #20.  There  is  no  better  way  for 
Pastors  to  acquire  a  good  working  library. 

7.  Pastors  can  begin  their  studies  at  any  time, 
and  this  part  of  the  Seminary's  activity  never  ceases. 

8.  To  be  able  to  carry  out  the  ideal  aimed  at, 
the  studious  pastor  1)  must  be  strong  in  character 
and  tenacious  of  purpose;  2)  must  learn  to  econo- 
mize time;  3)  must  have  a  fixed  time  for  these  studies; 
4)  must  so  select  his  studies  as  to  be  directly  serv- 
iceable in  his  practical  ministry;  5)  must  learn  to 
economize,  so  as  to  be  able  to  buy  the  books  needed; 
6)  must  so  master  the  work  of  his  parish  as  to  be 
able  to  find  time  for  study. 

9.  Only  the  names  of  such  pastors  will  be 
enrolled  as  Regular  Students  of  the  Correspondence 
School,  who  report  at  certain  stated  periods  during 
the  current  year.  If  no  report  has  been  received 
after  a  certain  lapse  of  time,  the  name  is  not  enrolled 
— but  whenever  the  reports  comes  in,  the  name  is 
again  re-instated,  and  all  work  done  in  the  past 
retains  its  proper  credit. 

10.  If  we  are  to  judge  from  the  opinions  of  those 
who  are  pursuing  these  studies,  and  of  those  who 
for  various  reasons  are  not  now  able  to  continue 
their  work,  we  have  a  right  to  infer  that  the  Chicago 
Lutheran  Theological  Seminary  is  doing  a  work  for 
the  Church  through  its  Correspondence  School  that 
will  leave  its  impress  for  good,  second  only  to  that 
which  the  Seminary  aims  to  accomplish  by  its  regu- 
lar instruction  in  the  lecture  hall. 


LIBRARY.  77 


LIBRARY 

The  Library  contains  over  10,000  bound  volumes. 

The  following  Rules  and  Regulations  governing 
the  Library  have  been  adopted  by  the  Executive 
Committee: 

1.  The  Faculty  shall  from  time  to  time  appoint 
a  Librarian,  who,  under  the  general  superintendence 
of  the  President,  shall  have  personal  charge  of  the 
Library,  and  see  that  all  rules  and  regulations  con- 
cerning it  are  duly  observed. 

2.  The  President  of  the  Seminary,  with  the 
concurrence  of  the  Faculty,  may  appoint  Assistant 
Librarians  from  among  the  students,  who  shall  act 
under  his  and  the  Librarian's  direction  in  all  matters 
relating  to  the  Library. 

3.  The  following  Rules  and  Regulations  shall 
be  in  force  for  the  use  of  the  Library: 

(1)  The  Library  shall  be  open  to  the  use  of  the 
students  from  7  a.  m.  to  9  p.  M.  every  day  except 
Sunday. 

(2)  No  books  shall  be  taken  out  of  the  Library 
in  the  absence  of  the  Assistant  Librarians,  one  of 
whom  shall  be  present  from  1:30  to  2:30  in  the 
afternoon,  and  from  7:00  to  9:00  in  the  evening.  It 
shall  be  his  duty  to  keep  a  strict  record  of  all  books 
taken  out  and  returned. 

(3)  Books  of  reference,  such  as  Dictionaries 
and  Commentaries,  and  rare  books  used  for  frequent 
reference,  all  of  which  shall  be  marked  with  a  red 
label,  shall  not  be  taken  from  the  Library. 

(4)  Books  taken  out  of  the  Library  shall  not 
be  kept  longer  than  two  weeks  without  renewal. 

(5)  Persons  taking  down  books  from  the  shelves 
shall  not  replace  them,  but  leave  them  on  the 
Library  table.  It  is  a  part  of  the  duties  of  the 
Assistant  Librarians  to  replace  them. 


78  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


EXAMINATION    QUESTIONS 

ON 

TEXTUAL    CRITICISM 


OF  THE 

NEW   TESTAMENT* 


Course  ten  hours. 


Introductory. 

i.  What  is  the  exact  title  of  the  text-book  chosen  as  the  basis 
of  our  discussion  of  the  Textual  Criticism  of  the  N.  T.?  2.  Give 
a  brief  history  of  the  labors  of  Dr.  Schaff.  3.  Give  a  brief  out- 
line of  Schaff  s  Companion,  naming  its  general  contents,  number 
of  editions  published,  and  character  of  its  Appendices. 

Chapter  I.     Language  of  the  New  Testament. 

4.  What  are  the  principal  topics  discussed  in  this  chapter  ? 
5.  Name  the  three  most  important  critical  editions  of  the  Greek 
Testament.  6.  Name  the  three  most  serviceable  editions.  7. 
Name  the  four  most  important  Grammars  of  N.  T.  Greek.  8. 
Name  the  two  best  N.  T.  Greek  Lexicons.  9.  Name  the  three 
best  N.  T.  Greek  Concordances.  10.  Show  that  the  Greek  lan- 
guage was  universal  in  Christ's  time.  n.  Give  a  brief  account  of 
the  two  principal  Jewish  scholars  of  the  first  century  who  wrote 
their  works  in  Greek.  12.  Name  the  three  theories  held  with 
respect  to  the  language  used  by  Christ  and  His  Apostles,  and 
defend  the  correct  view.  13.  Distinguish  between  the  Ionic,  At- 
tic, and  Macedonian  or  Hellenic  dialects.  14.  What  are  the  dis- 
tinctive characteristics  of  the  Hellenic  dialect?  15.  Distinguish 
between  the  Hellenic  and  Hellenistic  dialects.  16.  Give  a  brief 
account  of  the  Septuagint  and  of  its  influence  on  N.  T.  Greek.  17. 
Discuss  briefly  the  question  of  the  Old  Testament  citations  in  the 
New  Testament.  18.  What  is  the  best  edition  of  the  Septuagint? 
19.  What  three  elements  constitute  the  N.  T.  Greek  idiom  ?  20. 
Illustrate  the  four  classes  of  Hebraisms  in  the  N.  T.,  and  state  in 
what  books  they  are  most  frequent.  2 1 .  Illustrate  some  Latinisms 
and  state  by  whom  most  frequently  used.  22.  Name  at  least  ten 
Greek  words  that  have  a  special  Christian  meaning  in  the  N.  T. 
23.  How  can  you  prove  that  Matthew  was  well  acquainted  both 
with  the  Hebrew  Bible  and   the  Septuagint?     24.     Characterize 

•Based  on  Schafl's  Companion  to  the  Greek  Testament,  etc* 


EXAMINATION  QUESTIONS.  79 

Matthew's  style  and  the  peculiarities  of  his  vocabulary.  25.  Char- 
acterize the  Greek  of  Mark  and  the  peculiarities  of  his  vocabulary. 
26.  Characterize  the  Greek  of  Luke  and  distinguish  between  the 
vocabulary  used  in  the  Gospel  and  in  Acts.  27.  Describe  briefly 
the  style  of  Paul.  28.  Briefly  characterize  the  Greek  of  the  Gos- 
pel of  John.  29.  Discuss  briefly  the  peculiarities  of  the  Greek  of 
the  Apocalypse.,  30.  Show  that  the  very  language  of  the  Greek 
N.  T.  is  a  proof  of  apostolic  authority. 

Chapter  II    Manuscripts  of  the  Nezv  Testament. 

31.  What  critical  editions  of  the  Greek  Testament  contain 
valuable  Prolegomena  or  Introductions?  32.  Name  four  of  the 
best  works  on  Textual  Criticism  of  the  N.  T.  33.  Name  two  of 
the  best  critical  Introductions  to  the  N.  T.  from  the  radical  stand- 
point, and  the  two  best  from  the  conservative  standpoint.  34. 
What  are  the  principal  topics  discussed  in  this  chapter?  35.  Dis- 
cuss briefly  the  three  sources  from  which  the  Greek  text  of  the 
New  Testament  is  derived.  36.  Define  the  science  of  palaeo- 
graphy. 37.  Describe  in  general  the  appearance  of  Greek  MSS. 
38.  What  do  you  know  about  their  number  and  their  age?  39. 
Into  what  six  classes  are  they  divided  according  to  the  extent  of 
their  contents?  40.  Into  what  two  classes  are  they  divided  accord- 
ing to  the  size  of  letters?  4.1.  Give  a  general  description  of  the 
Uncial  Manuscripts.  42.  How  can  the  date  of  the  Uncials  be 
determined?  43.  How  many  Uncials  are  now  known?  44.  Name 
and  briefly  characterize  the  five  Primary  Uncials.  45.  Give  a 
fuller  account  of  Codex  Aleph.  46.  Describe  Codex  A.  47.  Give 
a  full  account  of  Codex  B.  48.  Describe  Codex  C.  49.  What  is 
the  peculiar  character  of  Codex  D?  50.  Describe  in  general  the 
Secondary  Uncials.  51.  Describe  in  general  the  Cursive  Manu- 
scripts. 52.  Describe  briefly  the  most  important  of  the  Cursive 
MSS.     53.  What  interest  is  attached  to  the  Codex  Montfortianus? 

Chapter  III.     The  Ancient   Versions.. 

54.  Name  the  topics  discussed  in  this  chapter.  55.  Why 
are  the  Ancient  Versions  so  valuable  in  Textual  Criticism?  56. 
Name  the  most  important  Ancient  Versions.  57.  Give  a  brief 
account  of  the  two  principal  Latin  Versions.  58.  Give  a  brief 
account  of  the  three  principal  Syriac  Versions.  59.  Give  a  brief 
account  of  the  Gothic  Version.  60.  Examine  the  article  on  Ver- 
sions in  Smith's  Diet,  of  the  Bible  (4  vols.),  give  outline  of  topics 
discussed,  and  name  the  author  of  each. 

Chapter  IV.     Patristic  Quotations. 

61.  Why  must  the  testimony  of  the  Greek  and  Latin  Fathers 
be  used  with  great  care?  62.  Why,  among  the  Greek  Fathers,  are 
the  writings  of  Origen,  Eusebius  and  Chrysostom,  so  valuable  as 
witnesses  of  the  text?  63.  What  two  Latin  Fathers  give  us  the 
most  information  on  Textual  Criticism? 


80  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

Chapter  V.      Textual  Criticism. 

64.  Distinguish  sharply  between  Higher  Criticism  and 
Textual  Criticism.  65.  Give  a  brief  account  of  the  origin  of 
variations.  66.  Discuss  briefly  the  number  and  value  of  varia- 
tions. 67.  Show  that  the  very  multitude  of  different  readings  is 
the  best  guarantee  for  restoring  a  pure  text.  68.  Under  what 
three  classes  may  the  most  important  variations  be  arranged?  69. 
Cite  a  passage  in  which  an  important  phrase  is  omitted  in  the  Texlus 
Receftus.  70.  Discuss  the  doxology  in  the  Lord's  Prayer  (Matt. 
6:13).  71.  Discuss  the  readings  of  John  5:3,4.  72.  Of  John  7: 
53-8:11.  73.  Of  Mark  16:9-20.  74.  Of  Acts  8:37.  75.  Of  1 
John  5:7,  8.  76.  Of  John  1:18.  77.  Discuss  the  readings  of  Luke 
2:14.  78.  Of  Rom.  5:1.  79.  Of  Acts  20:28.  80.  Of  1  Tim.  3:16.  81. 
Rev.  17:8.  82.  Name  twelve  important  critical  rules  which 
underlie  the  science  of  Textual  Criticism.  83.  Why  is  the  Textus 
Receftus  inferior  to  the  modern  critical  texts  as  restored  by 
Tischendorf,  Tregelles  and  Westcott-Hort?  84.  Explain  the 
Genealogical  Method  of  Textual  Criticism.  85.  Who  has  applied 
this  method  most  fully? 

Chafter  VI.     History  of  the  Printed  Greek  Text. 

86.  How  many  different  editions  of  the  Greek  Testament 
have  been  published  to  date?  87.  Into  how  many  periods  may 
the  history  of  the  printed  text  of  the  Greek  Testament  be  divided? 
88.  When  and  by  whom  was  the  first  edition  of  the  Greek  Testa- 
ment published?  89.  Give  the  dates  of  the  editions  published  by 
Erasmus.  90.  Which  edition  was  the  basis  of  Luther's  transla- 
tion? 91.  Give  a  brief  account  of  the  Complutensian  Polyglot. 
92.  Explain  why  the  third  and  fourth  editions  of  Stephens  are  so 
noted.  93.  What  editions  of  Beza  lie  at  the  basis  of  the  Author- 
ized English  Version?  94.  Give  a  brief  account  of  what  is  known 
as  the  Textus  Receptus  on  the  Continent  of  Europe.  95.  Give  an 
account  of  Walton's  Polyglot.  96.  What  stimulus  did  John  Mill 
give  to  the  science  of  Textual  Criticism?  97.  What  was  Bentley's 
aim?  98.  Briefly  describe  the  labors  of  Bengel.  99.  Of  Wet- 
stein.  100.  Of  Griesbach.  101.  What  manual  editions  are  based 
on  Griesbach's  text?  102.  Describe  the  labors  of  Lachmann.  103. 
Of  Tischendorf.  104.  Of  Tregelles.  105.  Of  Alford.  106.  Of 
Westcott  and  Hort.  107.  Under  what  four  classes  do  Westcott 
and  Hort  arrange  all  existing  documents?  108.  Describe  more 
fully  what  is  meant  by  their  Syrian  text.  109.  By  their  Western 
text.  no.  By  their  Alexandrian  text.  in.  By  their  Neutral 
text.  112.  Name  the  four  best  critical  texts  of  the  Greek  Testa- 
ment, and  briefly  compare  them.  113.  Give  a  brief  account  of 
the  labors  of  Scrivener.     114.  Why  is  Dean  Burgon  famous? 

Chapter  VII.     The  Authorized  English   Version. 

115.  What  topics  are  discussed  in  this  chapter?  116.  Name 
the  best  history  of  the  English  Bible.  117.  Which  is  the  best 
critical  edition  of  the  Authorized  English  Version?     118.     Give  a 


EXAMINATION  QUESTIONS.  81 

brief  account  of  the  translation  of  the  Authorized  Version.  119. 
Give  an  account  of  its  reception  when  finished.  120.  Name  some 
of  the  great  merits  of  the  Authorized  Version.  121.  Name  some 
of  its  most  serious  defects.  122.  Name  some  of  the  most  impor- 
tant attempts  at  Revision  before  the  Revised  English  Version 
appeared. 

Chapter  VIII.     The  Revised  Version. 

123.  Name  five  of  the  best  books  published  on  the  Revision. 
124.  Give  a  brief  account  of  the  organization  of  the  British  Com- 
mittee. 125.  What  general  principles  guided  the  Committee  in 
their  Revision?  126.  Name  some  of  the  more  prominent  mem- 
bers of  the  English  Old  Testament  Committee.  127.  Of  the 
English  New  Testament  Committee.  128.  Give  an  account  of 
the  co-operation  of  the  American  Committee.  129.  Name  some 
of  the  more  prominent  members  of  the  American  Old  Testament 
Company.  130.  Of  the  American  New  Testament  Company. 
131.  Name  the  more  important  changes  which  distinguish  the 
Revised  English  Testament  from  the  Authorized  Version.  132. 
Show  that  a  purer  Greek  text  lies  at  the  basis  of  the  Revised  Ver- 
sion. 133.  What  objections  does  Canon  Cook  raise  against  the 
testimony  of  the  two  oldest  Greek  manuscripts?  134.  What 
answer  can  be  given  to  these  objections?  135.  Comment  on  Matt. 
1:25;  1  Cor.  11:24.  I3^-  Comment  on  Matt.  19:17;  Mark  3:29. 
137.  Show  that  the  translation  of  the  Lord's  Prayer  (Matt. 
6:9-13)  in  the  Revised  Version  is  more  correct  than  that  of  the 
Authorized  Version.  138.  Comment  on  the  translation  of  Matt. 
28:19;  Luke  2:49;  John  5:39.  139.  Comment  on  the  translation 
of  Acts  17:22;  26:28.  140.  Comment  on  the  translation  of  Rom. 
5:15-19.  141.  What  is  required  in  a  good  translation?  142. 
Under  what  topics  is  the  English  style  of  the  Revision  discussed 
by  Dr.  Schaff?  143.  Answer  the  charge  made  against  the  Revised 
Version  of  Grammatical  Irregularities.  144.  Of  Infelicities  of 
translation.  145.  Of  Inconsistencies  of  translation.  146.  Of 
Needless  Variations.  147.  Discuss  the  value  of  the  American 
Appendix.  148.  How  many  different  editions  of  the  Greek  Testa- 
ment have  you  personally  examined.  149.  Name  at  least  five 
editions  which  every  true  student  ought  to  possess.  150.  Name 
at  least  ten  editions  which  it  would  be  desirable  to  have,  including 
those  containing  commentaries  on  the  Greek  text.  150.  Carefully 
review  all  these  questions  for  the  final  Written  Examination. 


82  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


EXAMINATION  QUESTIONS 


ON 


ANTHROPOLOGIA 


Books  Required. 

Weidner,  Intro,  to  Dogmatic  Theology. 
Schmid,  Doct.  Theol.  of  Lutheran  Church. 
Weidner,  Bib.  Theol.  of  Old  Testament. 
Weidner,  Bib.  Theol.  of  Neuu  Testament.     2  vols. 
Weidner,  Theologia. 
Krauth,  Conservative  Reformation. 
Jacobs,  Book  of  Concord. 
Revised  Bible. 


Part  II.— ANTHROPOLOGY 


Section  i.     Man. 

1)  What  seven  topics  will  be  discussed  under  Anthropology  ? 

2)  Under  what  four  sections  do  we  discuss  the  topic  Man  ? 

3)  How  does  Hollaz  define  Man?     S.20,  8,    165  b. 

4)  From  what  two  elements  did  Man  originate?     O.  T.  Theol. 
Vol  1.     p.  101  a. 

Show  that  Mandid  not  originate  from  the  beast.     Idem. 
What  does  Quenstedt  say  as  to  the  mode  of  production?  S.  20, 
8,  166. 

7)  Show  that  Pantheism  is  at  all  points  antagonistic  to  Chris- 
tianity. 

1.     In  all  its  forms  it  degrades  Man. 
2^    It  denies  true  personality. 
1^.     It  denies  individual  immortality. 
4.     Wherever  the  Pantheistic  Theory  is  accepted,  Polythe- 
ism prevails. 

8)  What  can  be  said  of  Spontaneous  Generation  ?  Theol.  88-89. 

9)  What   can  be  said  of  the  Evolution  Theory?     Idem. 

10)  How  does  the  O.  T.  distinguish  between  the  body,  soul  and 
spirit?     O.  T.  Theol.     101-102. 

11)  What  does  the  N.  T.   teach  on  this  point?    N.   T.   Theol. 
Vol.  1,  pp.  78-79. 

12)  Where  does  the  personality  lie?     O.  T.  Theol.    pp.  101-2. 

13)  What  is  meant  when  it  is  said  the  soul  is  "anima"   and  at 
the  same  time  "animus"?     O.  T.  Theol.     pp.  102-3. 


■/i8) 


20) 
4. 


MAN.  83 


14)  What  is  the  N.  T.  teaching  concerning  the  relation  of  the 
soul  and  spirit?     N.  T.  Theol.     Vol.  1,  pp.  79-80. 

15)  What  is  the  O.  T.  teaching  concerning  the  heart?  O.  T. 
Theol.     pp.  103-4. 

16)  What  is  the  N.  T.  teaching  concerning  the  heart?  N.  T. 
Theol.    80,  81. 

17)  In  what  sense  is  the  biblical  teaching  "trichotomous"  and  in 
what  sense  "dichotomous."  N.  T.  Theol.  Vol.  1.  pp.  78-79. 
What  is  the  position  of  Materialism? 

1.  It  denies  the  existence  of  a  personal  and  independent 
soul. 

2.  Thought  is  a  function  of  the  brain  like  bile  of  the  liver. 

3.  It  repudiates  all  belief  in  human  freedom. 

^       4.     It  makes  conscience  an  outgrowth  of  the  social  instinct. 
19)    What  three  facts  are   utterly  destructive  of  materialistic 
opinions? 

1.  The  facts  of  Mental  Consciousness. 

2.  The  facts  of  Moral  Consciousness. 

3.  The  facts  of  Religious  Consciousness. 
Quote  passages  from  the  Scriptures  to  prove  the  unity  of  the 
human  race.     Gen.  1:26,  27;  2:7,  21,  22;  Acts  17:26;  I  Tim. 
2:13;  I  Cor.  11:8,  9. 

'21)  What  four  facts  does  science  establish  to  prove  that  the 
whole  human  race  is  of  one  species?  Krauth,  C.  R.  pp. 
366-8. 

22)  What  three  hypotheses  are  opposed  to  the  Scriptural  doc- 
trine of  the  unity  of  the  human  race?     C.  R.     pp.  367-8. 

23)  What  is  the  theory  of  the  Co-Adamites?     C.  R.     p.  367. 

24)  What  is  the  theory  of  the  Pre- Adamites?     C.  R.     pp.  367-8. 

25)  What  is  the  theory  of  the  Skeptical  Naturalist?  C.  R.  p. 
368. 

26)  What  three  theories  have  been  held  concerning  the  propaga- 
tion of  the  soul?     C.  R      p.  368. 

27)  Define  the  ^theory  of  the.  Pre-existence  of  the  soul.  C.  R. 
pp.  368-9.     ~_ 

28)  By  whom  has  this  view  been  defended?     Idem. 

29)  What  does  Dr.  Krauth  say  of  this  theory?     Idem. 

30)  Define  Immediate  Creationism.     C.  R.     p.  369. 

31)  Quote  the  leading  passages  of  Scripture  cited  by  some  to 
prove  this  theory.     Idem. 

32)  What  theologians  and  denominations  hold  this  theory?  C. 
R.     p.  370. 

33)  What  does  Dr.  Krauth  say  of  this  theory?     Idem. 

34)  What  great  truth  do  the  passages  quoted  simply  prove? 
Idem. 

35)  What  bearing  does  this  theory  have  on  the  doctrine  of  origi- 
nal sin?     Idem. 

36)  Why  can  we  not  accept  this  theory?     Idem. 

37)  Distinguish  between  the  immediate  creation  of  Adam  and 
the  mediate  creation  of  his  descendants.     C.  R.     p.  368. 

38)  Define  traducianism  or  Mediate-Creationism.     C.  R.     p.  371. 


84  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


39)  How  does  Quenstedt  present  the  Biblical  proof?  S.  20,  8. 
p.  167  a. 

40)  What  does  Dr.  Krauth  say  of  this  theory?     C.  R.     p.  371. 

41)  Which  of  the  Fathers  defended  this  view?     Idem. 

42)  What  is  the  teaching  of  our  Church?     Idem. 
45)     How  may  the  doctrine  be  stated  briefly?     Idem. 

Section  2.     The  Original  Condition  of  Man. 

44)  Under  what  two  heads  is  the  subject  discussed? 

45)  How  are  we  to  explain  "in  our  image,  after  our  likeness"? 
Gen.  1:26.     O.  T.  Theol.     p.  98. 

46)  What  is  to  be  understood  by  the  "divine  image"?  O.  T. 
Theol.     p.  99. 

47)  Where,  in  man,  does  this  image  lie?     Idem. 

48)  What  is  meant  when  it  is  said  that  man  was  created  good? 
Gen.  1:31.     O.  T.  Theol.     p.  105. 

49)  What  is  man's  relation  to  Nature?     Idem. 

50)  In  what  sense  was  man  immortal?     O.  T.  Theol.     p.  106. 

51)  Quote  the  passages  of  Scripture  on  which  Dr.  Krauth  relies 
to  prove  that  the  image  of  God  in  man  has  not  been  abso- 
lutely lost.     C.  R.     p.  371. 

52)  What  view  did  the  Anthropomorphites  hold?     C  R.    p.  372. 

53)  The  Socinians?     Idem. 

54)  The  Pelagians  and  the  Rationalists?    C.  R.     p.  372. 

55)  What  is  the  tendency  of  Roman  Theology?     C.  R.     p.  372. 

56)  What  distinction  did  the  Fathers  of  the  Greek  Church  make? 
Idem. 

57)  Of  what  five  states  do  our  Dogmaticians  speak?  S.  24,  2, 
220  c. 

58)  Why  do  they  define  man's  primitive  state  as  one  of  integrity 
and  innocence?    S.  24,  3,  220  c. 

59)  How  does  Hollaz  expound  the  usage  of  the  words  image 
and  likeness  in  Gen.?     S.  24,  5,  221  d. 

60)  How  does  Quenstedt  define  the  image  of  God  in  man  ?  S.  24, 
8,  218  c. 

61)  What  three  things  did  man  originally  possess?  S.  24,  (9,  10, 
11).     p.  218  c. 

62)  What  gifts  were  bestowed  on  the  intellect?     S.  24,  9,  224  b  c. 

63)  What  does  Baier  say  of  the  nature  and  extent  of  man's 
wisdom?     Idem. 

64)  What  does  Quenstedt  say  of  his  knowledge?  S.  24,  9,  224, 
225  (condense). 

65)  What  gifts  were  originally  bestowed  on  the  will  of  man? 
S.  24,  10,  225. 

66)  How  does  Hollaz  sum  up  these  perfections?     S.  24,  n,  218  d 

67)  What  bodily  or  corporeal  excellencies  did  our  first  parents 
possess  before  the  Fall?     S.  24,  14,  219. 

68)  How  is  this  "original  righteousness"  explained  in  the  Apol- 
-         ogy?     S.  24,  13,  226. 

/  69)    Why  do  our  dogmaticians  teach  that  man  was  originally  free 
from  pain  and  suffering?    S.  24,  15,  228  a. 


THE   FALL.  85 

^jo)  How  do  they  prove  that  man  was  originally  immortal?  S.  24. 
15,  228  b. 

71)  According  to  Hollaz,  what  was  the  nature  of  the  dominion 
exercised  by  man?    Idem. 

72)  In  what  sense,  according  to  Quen.,  can  we  speak  of  natural 
,       righteousness  in  the  first  man?     S.  24,  17,  229-30. 

*73)  .  Show  that  the  image  of  God  was  a  natural  perfection  and 
not  a  superadded  gift  as  the  Roman  Church  teaches.  S.  24, 
17.  230. 

Section  3.     The  Fall. 

Under  what  three  heads  is  the  Fall  discussed? 
Why  cannot  we  regard  the  narrative  in  Gen.  3  as  a  myth  or 
parable?     Studies  in  Gen.     p.  52. 

Prove  from  the  N.  T.  that  the  narrative  is  regarded  as  liter- 
ally true.     Idem.  Add  to  the  references  Roman  5:12;  I  Tim. 
2:14. 
v^77)     Show  that  before  Adam  fell  there  was  a  fall  in  the  higher 
spiritual  world,     Idem. 

78)  How,  according  to  Krauth,  was  the  fall  of  man  brought  about? 
C.  R.     p.  376  a. 

79)  What  were  the  consequences?     Idem. 

80)  How  does  Rationalism  and  Philosophy  treat  the  fact  of  the 
fall?     C.  R.     p.  376. 

81)  What  does  Krauth  say  of  the  literal  and  historical  character 
of  the  Fall?     C.  R.     p.  376  d. 

82)  How  does  Hollaz  define  the  first  sin  of  man?  S.  26,  1.  p. 
234  b. 

83)  What  was  the  external  first  and  principal  cause  of  this  sin? 
236  d. 

84)  The  instrumental  cause? 

85)  The  internal  and  directly  efficient  cause?  S.  26,  1.     p.  236-7. 

86)  What  was  the  mode  and  order  of  seduction?     S.  26,  i,  237  c. 

87)  Name  the  particular  sinful  acts.     Hollaz.     S.  26,  1,  237  c. 

Section  4.     Original  Sin. 

88)  Under  what  three  heads  will  this  subject  be  discussed? 

89)  Show  that  the  O.  T.  teaches  the  universality  of  sin.  1  Kings 
8:46;  Psalm  14:3;  143:2;  Prov.  20:9;  Job  14:4;  Eccl.  7:20. 
Quote  passages. 

/90)     Show  that  the  N.  T.  teaches  the  universality  of  sin.     Matt. 
7:11;  Eph.  2:3;  Rom.  3:22;  5:12;  5:18,   19;  1  Jno.  5:9;  1:8; 
Matt.  15:19;  Jno.  3:6. 
91)     How  does  Dr.    Krauth   present   the   Scriptural   argument? 
C.  R.     p.  383-4.     Condense  the  four  points  with  Scripture 
.        proof. 
v^2)     What  was  the  teaching  of  the  Greek  Fathers  as  to  original 
sin?    The  Greek  Fathers  in  general  emphasized  the  self- 
determining  power  of  the  human  will  and  man's  responsi- 
bility, and  consequently  his  ability  to  co-operate  with  grace. 
93)     What  was  the  view  of  the  Latin  Fathers  before  Augustine  ? 
These,  especially  Tertullian,   Hilary,  Ambrose,  emphasized 


0 


88  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

135)  Define  the  Roman  doctrine  of  the  immaculate  conception 
of  the  Virgin  Mary.     Idem. 

136)  Condense  Dr.  K's  discussion  of  the  mode  of  perpetuation 
of  O.  S.     C.  R.     pp.  384-5. 

137)  On  what  two  points  does  Dr.  K.  lay  stress  in  discussing 
the  neg.  results  of  O.  S.?     pp.  386-7. 

138)  What  does  the  Roman  Church  teach  on  this  point?  pp. 
387-8. 

139)  What  is  the  positive  result  of  O.  S.  ?     p.  388. 

140)  What  does  the  Romanist  teach  concerning  Lust  or  con- 
cupiscence?    p.  388. 

141)  How  do  we  as  Lutherans  answer  the  Romanist  doctrine? 
p.  389  b. 

142)  What  is  the  third  point  that  Dr.  Krauth  lays  stress  upon  in 
considering  the  effect  of  O.  S.?     p.  39°  d. 

143)  What  three  Latin  words  are  applied  to  O.  S.  in  the  Augs- 
burg Confession?     p.  391  b. 

144)  What  two  German  words?     p.  391. 

145)  To  what  does  "vitium"  refer?     p.  392. 

146)  To  what  does  morbus  refer?     p.  392  d. 

147)  What  three  statements  does  Dr.  Krauth  make  in  order  to 
develop  the  doctrine  concerning  O.  S.?     p.  398  d. 

148)  What  argument  does  he  pursue  to  prove  that  O.  S.  is  truly 
sin?     pp.  398-9. 

149)  In  what  three  ways  may  sin  be  wrought  ?     p.  399. 

150)  Show  that  O.  S.  has  the  relations  and  connections  of  sin. 
p.  399  c. 

151)  Show  that  it  has  the  names  of  sin.     p.  399-400. 

152)  Show  that  it  has  the  essence  of  sin.     p.  400-1. 

153)  Show  that  it  has  the  attributes  of  sin.     402-3. 

154)  Show  that  it  does  the  acts  of  sin.     403. 

155)  Show  that  it  incurs  the  penalty  of  sin.     404. 

156)  How  does  Dr.  Krauth  prove  that  O.  S.  needs  the  remedy  of 
sin?     405  a. 

157)  Who  need  the  remedy?     405  d. 

158)  Show  that  O.  S.  is  conformed  to  a  true  definition  of  sin. 
406  c. 

159)  What  three  classes  of  persons  does  our  Church  of  necessity 
condemn  in  maintaining  the  true  doctrine  of  O.  S.?     445  b. 

160)  What  do  the  Rationalists  and  Socinians  hold  concerning 
O.  S.  ?  Nearly  the  same  doctrine  as  the  Pelagians.  There 
is  no  connate  corruption.     Sin  is  propagated  by  example. 

161)  What  is  the  teaching  of  the  Arminians,  the  English  Wes- 
leyans  and  the  American  Methodists? 

The  Dutch  Arminians  regard  O.  S.  rather  as  a  fault  or  defect 
of  nature  than  sin.  The  Wesleyans  and  Methodists  admit 
that  a  man's  nature  is  corrupted,  and  disabled  from  all 
spiritual  good,  but  differ  from  the  Lutherans  and  the  Re- 
formed in  holding 

(1)  That  O.  S.  involves  no  guilt,  since  it  is  not  brought 
upon  us  by  our  own  agency; 


162 

163 

164 

165 


166 

167 

168 

169 
170 

^171 

V172 

^74 
175 


176 
177 

178 

179 

180 

181 

182 

183 
184 

185 


ACTUAL  SIN.  89 

(2)  That  every  soul  retains  power  to  co-operate  with  the 
grace  which  God  for  Christ's  sake  endows  every  act.  (See 
able  article  on  O.  S.  by  Dr.  Hodge  in  Johnson's  Encyclo- 
pedia.) 

Section  5.     Essential  Character  of  Sin. 
Under  what  two  heads  do  we  discuss  this  topic? 
What  according  to  the  O.  T.  is  the  real  principle  of  sin  ? 
O.  T.  Theol.  74,  p.  107. 

Name  five  of  the  most  common  O.  T.  names  for  sin.  Idem, 
p.  108. 

What  different  Greek  words  does  Paul  use  in  his  Epistle  to 
the  Romans  to  designate  sin?  N.  T.  Theol.,  vol.  2,  p.  76, 
note. 

What  does  Paul  mean  by  the  "Sarks"?     Idem.     pp.  84-5. 
Give  a  brief  outline  of  Paul's  presentation  of  the  depravity 
of  man.     Idem.     p.  87. 
How  does  Hollaz  define  sin?     S.  4,  233. 
Who  is  the  first  author  of  sin?     5,  233. 
Distinguish  between   "reatus  culpae  and  reatus  poenae." 
6,  pp.  233-4. 

Distinguish  between  sin  and  guilt.  Weidner,  Ch.  Ethics 
170-1. 

Why  is  it  an  error  to  define  sin  as  a  voluntary,  conscious 
transgression  of  the  law  of  God?     Idem.     p.  171. 
Why  does  ignorance  not  do  away  with  guilt?     p.  172. 
Why  must  unforgiven  sin  and  guilt  receive  an  infliction  of 
punishment?    p.  172-3. 

Distinguish  sharply  between  sin,  its  guilt  and  its  punish- 
ment.   S.  25,  6,  234  a. 

Section  6.     Actual  Sin. 
Define  an  actual  sin.     S.  27,  1,  252. 

Why  do  we  not  limit  the  expression  "actual  sins"  to  external 
actions  only?     Idem. 

What  names  are  given  in  Holy  Scriptures  to  actual  sins? 
Idem. 

Classify  actual  sins,  with  subdivisions,  according  to  seven 
different  aspects.     S.  pp.  251-2. 

Distinguish  between  voluntary  sins  and  involuntary  sins. 
2,  p.  253. 

Show  that  a  voluntary  sin  against  conscience  may  be  four- 
fold,    p.  263. 

Show  that  a  voluntary  sin  in  respect  to  the  purpose  of  the 
will  is  two-fold.     Idem. 

Distinguish  between  involuntary  sins  of  ignorance  and  of 
infirmity.     2,  p.  253. 
How  may  we  become  guilty  of  the  sins  of  others?      3,  pp. 

251-3. 

Distinguish  between  a  venial  sin  and  a  mortal  sin.     2,  pp. 

253.  4- 


88  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 


135)  Define  the  Roman  doctrine  of  the  immaculate  conception 
of  the  Virgin  Mary.     Idem. 

136)  Condense  Dr.  K's  discussion  of  the  mode  of  perpetuation 
of  O.  S.     C.  R.     pp.  384-5. 

137)  On  what  two  points  does  Dr.  K.  lay  stress  in  discussing 
the  neg.  results  of  O.  S.  ?     pp.  386-7. 

138)  What  does  the  Roman  Church  teach  on  this  point?  pp. 
387-8. 

139)  What  is  the  positive  result  of  O.  S.  ?     p.  388. 

140)  What  does  the  Romanist  teach  concerning  Lust  or  con- 
cupiscence?    p.  388. 

141)  How  do  we  as  Lutherans  answer  the  Romanist  doctrine? 
p.  389  b. 

142)  What  is  the  third  point  that  Dr.  Krauth  lays  stress  upon  in 
considering  the  effect  of  O.  S.?     p.  390  d. 

143)  What  three  Latin  words  are  applied  to  O.  S.  in  the  Augs- 
burg Confession?     p.  391  b. 

144)  What  two  German  words?     p.  391. 

145)  To  what  does  "vitium"  refer?     p.  392. 

146)  To  what  does  morbus  refer?     p.  392  d. 

147)  What  three  statements  does  Dr.  Krauth  make  in  order  to 
develop  the  doctrine  concerning  O.  S.?     p.  398  d. 

148)  What  argument  does  he  pursue  to  prove  that  O.  S.  is  truly 
sin?     pp.  398-9. 

149)  In  what  three  ways  may  sin  be  wrought  ?     p.  399. 

150)  Show  that  O.  S.  has  the  relations  and  connections  of  sin. 
p.  399  c. 

151)  Show  that  it  has  the  names  of  sin.     p.  399-400. 

152)  Show  that  it  has  the  essence  of  sin.     p.  400-1. 

153)  Show  that  it  has  the  attributes  of  sin.     402-3. 

154)  Show  that  it  does  the  acts  of  sin.     403. 

155)  Show  that  it  incurs  the  penalty  of  sin.     404. 

156)  How  does  Dr.  Krauth  prove  that  O.  S.  needs  the  remedy  of 
sin?     405  a. 

157)  Who  need  the  remedy?     405  d. 

158)  Show  that  O.  S.  is  conformed  to  a  true  definition  of  sin. 
406  c. 

159)  What  three  classes  of  persons  does  our  Church  of  necessity 
condemn  in  maintaining  the  true  doctrine  of  O.  S.?     445  b. 

160)  What  do  the  Rationalists  and  Socinians  hold  concerning 
O.  S.  ?  Nearly  the  same  doctrine  as  the  Pelagians.  There 
is  no  connate  corruption.     Sin  is  propagated  by  example. 

161)  What  is  the  teaching  of  the  Arminians,  the  English  Wes- 
leyans  and  the  American  Methodists? 

The  Dutch  Arminians  regard  O.  S.  rather  as  a  fault  or  defect 
of  nature  than  sin.  The  Wesleyans  and  Methodists  admit 
that  a  man's  nature  is  corrupted,  and  disabled  from  all 
spiritual  good,  but  differ  from  the  Lutherans  and  the  Re- 
formed in  holding 

(1)  That  O.  S.  involves  no  guilt,  since  it  is  not  brought 
upon  us  by  our  own  agency; 


ACTUAL  SIN. 


89 


162 
163 

164 
I65 


166 
167 

168 
169 
170 

'171 


^74) 


74 
175 

176 
177 

178 

179 

180 

181 

182 

183 

184 

185 


(2)  That  every  soul  retains  power  to  co-operate  with  the 
grace  which  God  for  Christ's  sake  endows  every  act.  (See 
able  article  on  O.  S.  by  Dr.  Hodge  in  Johnson's  Encyclo- 
pedia.) 

Section  5.     Essential  Character  of  Sin. 
Under  what  two  heads  do  we  discuss  this  topic? 
What  according  to  the  O.  T.  is  the  real  principle  of  sin  ? 
O.  T.  Theol.  74,  p.  107. 

Name  five  of  the  most  common  O.  T.  names  for  sin.  Idem, 
p.  108. 

What  different  Greek  words  does  Paul  use  in  his  Epistle  to 
the  Romans  to  designate  sin?  N.  T.  Theol.,  vol.  2,  p.  76, 
note. 

What  does  Paul  mean  by  the  "Sarks"?     Idem.     pp.  84-5. 
Give  a  brief  outline  of  Paul's  presentation  of  the  depravity 
of  man.     Idem.     p.  87. 
How  does  Hollaz  define  sin?    S.  4,  233. 
Who  is  the  first  author  of  sin?     5,  233. 
Distinguish  between   "reatus  culpae  and  reatus  poenae." 
6,  pp.  233-4. 

Distinguish  between  sin  and  guilt.    Weidner,   Ch.  Ethics 
170-1. 
Why  is  it  an  error  to  define  sin  as  a  voluntary,  conscious 

gression  of  the  law  of  God?     Idem.     p.  171. 
Why  does  ignorance  not  do  away  with  guilt?     p.  172. 
Why  must  unforgiven  sin  and  guilt  receive  an  infliction  of 
punishment?     p.  172-3. 

Distinguish  sharply  between  sin,  its  guilt  and  its  punish- 
ment.   S.  25,  6,  234  a. 

Section  6.     Actual  Sin. 
Define  an  actual  sin.     S.  27,  1,  252. 

Why  do  we  not  limit  the  expression  "actual  sins"  to  external 
actions  only?     Idem. 

What  names  are  given  in  Holy  Scriptures  to  actual  sins? 
Idem. 

Classify  actual  sins,  with  subdivisions,  according  to  seven 
different  aspects.     S.  pp.  251-2. 

Distinguish  between  voluntary  sins  and  involuntary  sins. 
2,  p.  253. 

Show  that  a  voluntary  sin  against  conscience  may  be  four- 
fold,    p.  263. 

Show  that  a  voluntary  sin  in  respect  to  the  purpose  of  the 
will  is  two-fold.     Idem. 

Distinguish  between  involuntary  sins  of  ignorance  and  of 
infirmity.     2,  p.  253. 
How  may  we  become  guilty  of  the  sins  of  others?      3,  pp. 

251-3. 

Distinguish  between  a  venial  sin  and  a  mortal  sin.     2,  pp. 

253.  4- 


90  student's  handbook. 

186)  Why  is  a  venial  sin  immediately  forgiven?     p.  254. 

187)  Distinguish  between  internal  and  external  sins.  5,  pp.  251-4. 

188)  Between  sins  of  omission  and  sins  of  commission.     6,  p.  254. 

189)  What  sins  in  Scripture  are  known  as  outcrying  sins?  27, 
7,  PP-  254-5- 

190)  In  what  way  may  we  regard  one  sin  more  grievous  than 
another?     8,  p.  255. 

191)  What  distinction  can  be  made  between  secret  and  open 
sins?     9,  p.  255. 

192)  Distinguish  between  dead  and  living  sins.     9,  p.  252. 

193)  Explain  hardness  of  heart.     10,  p.  255. 

194)  Explain  Exodus  7:3.     p.  255. 

195)  How  does  Gerhard  explain  the  sin  against  the  Holy  Ghost? 
ii,  p.  256. 

196)  How  does  Quen.  explain  it?     256. 

197)  What  does  Hollaz  say  concerning  this  sin?     257  a. 

198)  What  does  Baier  say?     p.  257  b. 

199)  According  to  Quen.,  what  are  the  adjuncts  of  the  sin  against 
the  Holy  Ghost,     p.  257  c. 

200)  Distinguish  between  the  sin  against  the  Son  of  God  and 
against  the  Holy  Ghost.  Matt.  12:32;  Luke  12:10.  S.  11, 
p.  257  c. 

201)  From  the  Ethical  standpoint  name  the  different  steps  in  the 
development  in  the  life  of  sin.     Ethics,  p.  156  b. 

202)  Define  the  state  of  security,     pp.  156-7. 

203)  Define  the  state  of  self-conscious  bondage,     pp.  158-9. 

204)  Of  self-deception,     p.  159. 

205)  Of  skepticism,    pp.  159-160. 

206)  Of  indifference  to  religion,     p.  161. 

207)  Of  hypocrisy,     pp.  162-3. 

208)  Hardness  of  heart,     pp.  163-4. 

209)  Of  hatred  to  Christ,     pp.  164-5. 

210)  When  does  hatred  to  Christ  become  sin  against  the  Holy 
Ghost?     p.  167. 

211)  When  are  they  in  essence  the  same?     p.  167. 

212)  What  may  be  regarded  as  the  inner  distinction?     p.  168. 

213)  By  whom  may  the  sin  of  the  Holy  Ghost  be  committed? 
p.  168.     Matt.  12:34;  31:32;  Mark  3:22,  28,  29. 

214)  Show  that  every  fall  from  Christ  is  not  the  sin  against  the 
Holy  Ghost.     168. 

215)  What  hope  can  we  bring  to  those  that  think  they  have 
sinned  against  the  Holy  Ghost?     pp.  168-9. 

Section  7.     Doctrine  of  the  Free  Will. 

216)  What  according  to  the  O.  T.  teaching  is  the  condition  of  the 
natural  man  with  reference  to  spiritual  things?  Gen.  6:5; 
8:21;  O.  T.  Theol.  pp.  108-9. 

217)  What  do  we  learn  from  Ezek.  11:19;  Is.  26:27;  Ps.  14:2,  3; 
51:17?     pp.  108-9. 

218)  What  does  Jesus  teach  on  this  subject?     Matt.  7:11,   18. 

219)  What  is  the  teaching  of  Jesus  as  recorded  by  John?  Jno. 
3:3.  51  Jno.  5:21. 


@: 


FREE   WILL.  91 

220)  What  can  we  infer  from  the  teaching  of  Paul  in  Romans 
1:21,  22;  2:5;   6:17,  20;  7:7,  8,    10,   11;    8:7;    5:24,    34,  36; 

15:5- 

221)  What  is  his  teaching  to  the  Corinthians?  I  Cor.  1:18,  21; 
2:14  and  12:3-5. 

222)  What  is  his  teaching  in  the  epistles  of  the  first  captivity? 
Col.  2:13;  Eph.  2;i,  2,  5;  4:18;  5:8. 

223)  What  was  the  the  tendency  of  the  Greek  Fathers?  All  the 
Greek  Fathers  as  well  as  most  of  the  early  Apologists,  in- 
cluding Clement  of  Alexandria,  and  Origen,  were  Syner- 
gistic or  Semi-Pelagian, laying  stress  upon  the  self-determina- 
tion of  the  will,  Athanasius  himself ,  the  father  of  orthodoxy, 
maintaining  that  man  has  ability  to  choose  good   and  evil. 

224)  What  was  the  tendency  among  the  early  Latin  Fathers? 
Although  they  laid  more  stress  on  the  necessity  of  grace  than 
the  Greek  Fathers,  they  also,  even  Augustine  at  first,  taught 
the  freedom  of  the  will. 

225)  What  were  the  seven  propositions  defended  by  the  Pela- 
gians? 

( 1)  Adam  was  created  mortal,  and  would  have  died  whether 
he  sinned  or  not. 

(2)  Adam's  sin  injured  only  himself,  and  not  the  human 
race. 

(3)  New  born  infants  are  in  the  same  condition  in  which 
Adam  was  previous  to  the  fall. 

(4)  The  whole  human  race  does  not  die  in  consequence  of 
Adam's  death  or  transgression  nor  does  it  rise  again  from  the 
dead  in  consequence  of  Christ's  resurrection. 

(5)  Infants  are  saved  though  they  are  not  baptized. 

(6)  The  Law  is  as  good  a  means  of  salvation  as  the  Gospel. 

(7)  Some  even  before  Christ's  appearance,  did  not  sin. 

226)  How  may  we  sharply  distinguish  between  Pelagianism  and 
Augustinianism?     Pelagius  laid  much  stress  upon  the  power 

of  the  natural  man  to  choose  between  good  and  evil,  while 
Augustine  taught  that  the  natural  man  has  only  freedom  of 
the  will  to  do  evil  and  that  the  regenerate  man  alone  can 
actually  will  the  good. 

227)  What  is  the  teaching  of  the  Semi-Pelagians? 

(1)  Man  is  not  dead  in  sin,  only  deceased;  freedom  is  not 
lost  but  lamed. 

(2)  Freedom  and  grace  concur;  sometimes  one  leading, 
sometimes  the  other;  the  initiation  is  usually  in  the  will. 

228)  What  is  the  teaching  of  the  Roman  Catholicism?  During 
the  Middle  Ages  the  Scholastics  all  had  a  leaning  toward 
Semi-Pelagianism,  but  Thomas  Aquinas  and  his  school  ad- 
hered more  strictly  to  Augustinianism.  But  the  Roman 
Church  in  the  decrees  of  the  Council  of  Trent,  endeavored 
in  a  more  or  less  Pelagian  manner  to  satisfy  the  claim  of 
the  freedom  of  man . 

9)    What  in  general  is  the  teaching  of   the  Lutheran  and  the 
Calvinistic  Churches?     They  deny  that  the  natural  man  has 


*30) 


92  STUDENT'S  HANDBOOK. 

freedom   of  the  will.     In    the  Fall  the  power  to  choose  the 
f  good  was  lost.     In  place  of  true  freedom  the  will  is   free 

now  only  toward  that  which  is  evil.  The  will  of  man  can 
in  no  way  co-operate  with  grace  before  regeneration. 
What  was  the  teaching  of  Luther?  The  natural  man  has 
not  the  power  to  act  at  pleasure  in  one  way  or  the  other,  as 
long  as  he  is  not  moved  by  the  Spirit  of  God  man  of  his  own 
choice  does  evil. 

231)  What  was  the  position  of  Melanchthon?  At  first  he  took 
the  same  position  as  Luther,  but  after  1526  became  Syner- 
gistic in  his  tendencies.     S.  28,  8,  p. 263. 

232)  In  this  discussion,  according  to  Chemnitz,  what  is  real  ques- 
tion at  issue?     S.  28,  1,  259. 

233)  What  heading  does  Chemnitz  suggest  in  the  discussion  in- 
stead of  the  freedom  of  the  will?     Idem. 

234 )  What  distinction  does  Gerhard  make  between  the  office  of 
the  mind  and  that  of  the  will  (very  important)  ?  S.  28,  2. 
p.  259. 

235 )  How  does  Gerhard  analyze  every  act  of  free  determination? 
p.  259. 

236)  Distinguish  between  the  will  itself  and  the  freedom  of  the 
will.     pp.  259-60.     Man  has  not  lost  his  will,  but  the  sound- 

v*-       ness  of  his  will. 
*237)     Distinguish  between  willing  and  desiring. 

(1)  A  man  desires  one  thing  but  wills  another. 

(2)  At  the  same  moment  he  may  have  contrary  desires  but 
not  contrary  wills. 

(3)  Desire  may  urge  in  one  direction,  conscience  in  another, 
but  the  will  determines  what  the  action  will  be. 

(4)  Desires  are  impulsive  and  subjective  and  have  their 
origin  in— (a)  appetites, 

(b)  passions, 

(c)  instinct, 

(d)  habit. 

(5)  While  the  will  on  the  other  hand  always  acts  on  motives: 

(a)  external  motives, 

(b)  subjective  motives  (desires)  which  are  impulsive, 

(c)  motives  arising  in  the  intellect  or  reason, 

(d)  motives  arising  in  the  conscience, 

(e)  motives  arising  in  the  feelings. 

(6)  To  move  the  will  you  must 

(a)  enlighten  the  intellect  or  reason, 

(b)  move  the  feelings, 

(c)  enlighten  and  purify  the  conscience. 

238)  Show  that  the  will  of  man  after  the  Fall  has  interior 
freedom. 

(1)  Freedom  from  compulsion, 

(2)  Freedom  from  necessity.     S.  28,  4.     p.  260. 

239)  How  does  Hutter  define  "liberum  arbitrium"?  S.  28,  5. 
p.  258. 


FREE  WILL.  93 

240)  Show  that  we  cannot  predicate  freedom  of  the  will  of  man 
in  this  since  the  Fall.     S.  28,  6.     p.  261. 

241)  In  what  sense  is  the  will  free  according  to  Gerhard,     p. 
262  a. 

242)  How  does  Luther  pithily  express  it?     p.  262  a. 

243)  Explain  the  statement  "man  is  completely  destitute  of  the 
liberum  arbitrium  in  rebus  spiritualibus."  S.  28,  7.    p.  258. 

244)  How  does  Chemnitz  express  this?     p.  262. 

245)  How  does  the  Formula  of  Concord  express  this?     8,  p.  263. 

246)  Explain  the  statement  that  man  has  only  liberum  arbitrium 
in  rebus  malis.     9,  258. 

247)  Show  that  with  reference  to  evil  man  has: 

(a)  Liberty  of  action  (contradiction). 

(b)  Liberty  of  specification  (contrariety).     9,  p.  264. 

248)  Explain  the  statement  that  man  has  also  liberum  arbitrium 
in  rebus  externis.     io,  258. 

249)  What  does  the  Augsburg  Confession  (Art.  18)  teach  on  this 
point?     265,  5. 

250)  How  is  this  explained  in  the  Apology  ?     p.  266. 

251)  What,  according  to  Quenstedt,  was  the  state  of  the  will 
before  the  Fall?     28,  11.     p.  268. 

252)  In  what  four  ways  may  the  will  of  man  receive  its  condi- 
tion?    C.  R.     p.  450. 

253)  In  whom  has  the  condition  of  the  will  been  concreate? 

P.  45i- 

254)  In  whom  has  it  been  affected  by  influences  from  without? 
p.  452. 

255)  Give  the  Pelagian  explanation,     pp.  453-4. 

256)  What  is  the  Scriptural  and  Lutheran  view?     p.  254. 

End  of  Anthropology. 


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